Standard motorcycle helmet usage and its effect on road traffic safety in the two major cities of Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
64
STANdARd mOTORCYCLE hELmET USAgE
ANd ITS EFFECT ON ROAd TRAFFIC SAFETY
IN ThE TwO mAJOR CITIES OF vIETNAm
By Trinh Thuy Anh1
The number and severity of road improve road safety in the two major cities
accidents in Vietnam is at alarming rate. in Vietnam is going to be discussed.
From 2003, the Government has tried
to improve traffic safety, therefore the
number of accident and traumatic brain
injury (TBI) and the rate of death reduced
suddenly. However, from the end of 2008,
even though accident number decreasing, a
number of TBI and deaths due to road crash
are jumping up. This paper aims to analyze
the reason of heavy injuries, TBI and deaths
happening increased. The specific surveys
were taken to motorcyclists, helmet market,
traffic safety agencies and hospital in Hanoi
and Ho Chi Minh City. Statistic method,
integrated comparison, observation, expert
interview survey and brainstorming method
have been used in this study to analyze
the problem. Then road safety situation,
helmet usage, regulation and enforcement
were analyzed. Base on these, proposal to
Keyword: road safety, traumatic brain
injury (TBI), traffic accident, road crash.
I. Fact on Road Traffic Safety in
vietnam
From 1993, road traffic accidents
had been increasing and traffic safety
was a big problem in Vietnam. The
number of road accidents has been
increasing at alarming rate up to 2002.
From 2003, the Government had tried to
keep enforcement then the number was
slowing down suddenly. However, traffic
safety still is the hot problem in Vietnam.
Even though the number of accidents and
injuries has been decreasing; the number
of fatalities is increasing year by year.
Figure 1 show this data.
Figure 1: Road traffic accident of Vietnam by year
Source: National Traffic Safety Committee
1 Ho Chi Minh City Open University
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
65
Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the fact up to 2007, and then slightly increased;
of road safety in the two major cities of however,thenumberoffatalitiesisincreased
Vietnam: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The by year.
number of accidents and injuries is reduced
Figure 3: Road traffic accident of HCMC
Figure 2: Road traffic accident of Hanoi
Feature of the interviewees
Most of road accidents were caused
by motorcycle (70% among the total). It is
revealed that severity of traffic accidents
is the problem, especially for motorcycle
transport mode, 50% among the traffic
accidents were traumatic brain injury (TBI)
and the rate of heavy injury and fatal was
25%. From 2007, the Government forced
people to wear helmet, then some positive
signal appeared as a result, however, a small
change could not convince the improvement
trend of road traffic.
The survey result shows that 56%
of interviewees were female; most of
intervieweesweretheyouth(65%ofthetotal
were under 35 years old) and well educated
(60% among the total were educated at the
university (Appendix 2, Table B).
Asking about their motorcycle, 89% of
intervieweesownedtheirmotorcycle;mostof
those were less than 100cc (76%) compared
with 23% of them being larger than 100cc
but less than 500cc. 87% of interviewees
were drivers and many of them going alone
(80%); 75% of interviewees were traveling
to/fromwork(ortoschooling)(seeAppendix
2, Figure A, B, C, D).
For the short time, the number of TBI
has been reduced 20% - 50% compared to
that of before; and the rate of death due
to road crash reduced to 15%. However,
from the end of year 2008, the number of
fatalities was increasing; the number of TBI
was jumping up as before.
Helmet usage of motorcycle drivers
and passengers
Almost all of the interviewees own
their helmets (98%) due to the regulation
from the Government to force people to wear
helmet when driving on the road. 36% of the
interviewees bought helmets in the helmet
shop, while around 24% bought at street
market, 18% bought from shopping centre,
shown more detail in figure 4. The number
of people who were given helmets or bought
them through suggestion of f, c, a is smaller.
II. helmet Usage of motorcycle
drivers and passengers
The survey is taken with totally 1038
samples, 517 samples in Hanoi and 521
samples in Ho Chi Minh City. Place of
survey allocated at 15 districts, 9 districts in
Ho Chi Minh City and 5 districts in Hanoi
(detail shown in Appendix 1, Table A).
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
Figure 4. The place to purchase helmet
66
1%
HelmetShop
13%
9%
Shopping Center
Street market
Friend, colleague, acquaintance
Given
35%
24%
Found
18%
Asking about the cost of helmets, it is (45% of the interviewee); while very few
found that most of people bought helmets (3%) bought helmets with the price over 20
with the price from 5 to 10 US$ (37% of US$. Figure 5 shows the result.
the interviewees) and between 11 – 20 US$
Figure 5. The cost of helmets
2%
3%
13%
less than US$ 5
US$ 5 - less than $10
US$ 10 - less than $20
US$ 20 or more
Don't know
45%
37%
Asking the factors that affect to (7%) bought due to theirs price, style/look or
people’s decision to buy helmets, Figure quality. Noted that 55% of the interviewees
6 showed that most of people said they said they bought helmets due to all of the
bought the helmets due to it was certified as reasons above.
a ”standard” helmet (28%); while very few
Figure 6. Factors affected purchase decision
0.09
0.17
No relevant
Other
7.36
Brand/company name
Standard-helmet
Quality
17.32
26.49
Style/look
16.54
15.76
16.28
Price
Colour
0.00
5.00
10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
percentage
Standard motorcycle helmet usage
the remains had none. The interviewers
noted that 90% of observed certification
marking/stickers in the helmet are authentic
certification marking/stickers. With “a
standard helmet” question of the observed
For the interviewer’s observation of a
certification marking/sticker in the helmet, it
is proved that 89% of the observed helmets
had certification marking/stickers and 11%
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
67
interviewers, almost agree that the observed helmets were without certificate stickers;
helmets are standard (78%) (more details 5% of motorcycle helmets were construction
were given in Appendix 3, Table C, D).
helmets, horse-riding hats or hats normally
designed/used for other purposes or cracked
For the considered reason of non -
standard helmet, while 9% of motorcycle or damaged (Figure 7).
Figure 7. The reason that the interviewer consider helmet were non-standard
Descirbe why you think it is non-standard helmet
Other reason
15.0
2.6
Cracked or damaged
4.6
Construction helmet, horse-riding hat or hat
normally designed/used for other purpose
5.1
No certification stickers
9.2
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
percentage
Integrated comparative of helmet usage
between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
most important thing, and less significant
factor is quality of the helmet.
The place to buy helmet between
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City of respondents
is shown more details in Appendix 4, the
Hanoi people prefer to buy helmets in
street market (17%) while Ho Chi Minh
city people like to buy helmets at helmet
shop (25%).
There was the relationship between
the age of respondents and the price of
helmets. Even the trend is that people
getting older would buy helmets with
higher price, however, the difference is
not much (Appendix 4, Table H). Data
also showed the trend of people getting
older would use more standard helmets
as a relationship between the age of
respondents and their usage of standard
helmets (Appendix 4, Table J).
The price to buy helmet between
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City of respondents
is different. The Hanoi people prefer to buy
helmets with the price between 10 – 20 US$
(30%) while Ho Chi Minh city people prefer
the lower price, between 5 – 10 US$ (21%)
(see Appendix 4, Table F).
Data also showed the relationship
between sex of respondents and their usage
of standard helmets: male use standard
helmets a little bit more than female
(Appendix 4, Table K).
The factors that affect people to buy
helmets between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City are also a little bit different. The
Hanoi people prefer to buy them due to
theirs color (23%), which is higher than
that in Ho Chi Minh city (see Appendix
4, Table G). Some people who could buy
helmets at the price more than 20USD
consider much all given reasons (color,
style/look, quality, standard) while most of
people who could buy helmets at the price
from 5 – 20 USD consider the color as the
III. helmet market
The market survey was be conducted
in the two biggest cities of Vietnam with
totally 25 retail outlets including 58% in
Hanoi and 42% in Ho Chi Minh City (Detail
showed in Appendix 5). Helmet market in
Vietnam is diversified; there were 42% and
25% of helmets sold in the general shop or
supermarket and helmet shop only.
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
68
There was a big difference from the probability of 25%, however, probability
cost level for standard helmets in each to have non-standard one is higher (75%).
type of helmet and helmet manufacturer, Buying a helmet with one price range in
meaning that was a big gap between lowest (6 – 14 USD) could get a standard helmet
price and highest price. The most common with high probability (91%), and even
price of standard helmets was range from 6 small probability of non-standard helmet
USD to 14 USD (47%). The most expensive (9%). For sure the helmet with price over
price of standard helmet is 14 – 25 USD 14 USD is the standard helmet.
(39%) and over 25 USD (18%). While the
most price of non-standard helmets (83%)
was under 6 USD.
The price of non-standard helmets in
Hanoi is lower than HCMC while the price
of standard helmets in HCMC is lower
Table 1 shows data of helmet market. than that in Hanoi (see Appendix 5, Table
Buying a helmet with price under 6 USD M, N, O).
could receive a standard helmet with the
Table 1
Standard helmets and non-standard helmets by prices
Standard helmets
Non-standards helmet
Normal
price
high
price
Normal
price
high
price
Low price
Low price
< 6 USD
0.26
0.49
0.30
0.26
0.02
0.19
0.07
6 – 14 USD
14 – 19 USD
19 – 25 USD
> 25 USD
0.40
0.02
0.67
0.27
0.33
0.73
1.00
IV. Survey on TrafficAccidents from
hospital Side
The interview survey was taken to
doctors at the Choray Hospital (the hospital
for physical injuries) and HCMC Traumatic
and Reform Hospital to identify the problem
of helmet usage and road traffic accidents in
the two major cities of Vietnam. According
to the survey, the number of traffic accidents
in the hospital occupied ½ of total cases
there. Among traffic accident cases, a half
among the total were physical break injuries
and a half were traumatic brain injuries in
half which ½ of those were non-helmet
using cases and the left ½ were non-standard
helmet using or wear on the wrong ways.
Traffic accidents and helmet usage
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs
when an outside force traumatically injures
the brain. TBI can be classified based on
severity, mechanism (closed or penetrating
head injury), or other features (e.g. occurring
in a specific location or over a widespread
area). TBI is a major cause of death and
disability worldwide, especially in children
and young adults. Causes include falls,
vehicle accidents, and violence. For traffic
accidents, prevention measures include
use of technology to protect those who
are in accidents, such as seat belts and or
motorcycle helmets, as well as efforts to
Helmet usage, TBI trend to reduce in
the short time and increase after that
After forcing people to wear helmet
reduce the number of accidents, such as in 2007, for the short time, the number of
TBI has been reduced 20% - 50% compared
to that of before. In Choray Hospital, the
safety education programs and enforcement
of traffic laws.
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
69
outstanding hospital on physical injuries, and Traffic Police Office, there are 17 TBI
in many cases, the injuries were serious; cases due to non-standard usage in only
however, the head was more protected by half of March 2009.
helmet wearing. However, from the end of
year 2008 up to present, traffic accidents
with TBI were jumped up as before. 50%
among the traffic accidents were TBI.
Then serious level also increased, during
that time, the heavy disease and fatal rate
due to TBI was 25%, reduced to 15%
when the Government started to enforce
people to wear helmet, and now the rate is
increasing at 25%.
The form, style and size of helmets
also have problems. The half-head helmets
that are using by many motorcyclist are
appropriate to travel around the inner city
withaslowspeech(around30km/h).Ifcrash
occurred, they would not suffer heavy injury.
Most of victims of TBI due to road crash
are wearing half-head helmets when driving
high speed in highway. The full face helmet
should be the best choice for people driving
motorcycle on the highway for their safety.
The young people like fashion styles which
look more beautiful and colorful, however,
those are under standard and could not help
people avoid TBI from crashing. Many non-
standard ones with un-clear information
about the name, origin, manufacture, date…
are distributed widely in the market. Those
helmets could bring many potential dangers
for people using them.
Non-standard helmet usage or by a
wrong way
Data from the interview survey show
that, in many cases, motorcycle drivers
wear non-standard helmet and or in wrong
ways, then the accident would be heavy
and the victim would be TBI. In case of
using standard helmet, even the helmet was
broken or failed, the victims avoid from
TBI. The doctor said about the important
of standard type of helmets, and the right
way of usage.
Motorcyclists wearing helmets in a
wrong ways such as non fasten, loose fasten,
helmet size bigger than the head… could be
heavily injured from road crash.
Data from the National Traffic
Safety Committee shows almost 99% of
motorcyclists in the inner cities has used
helmets. However, in the suburban areas,
people wear helmets to deal with traffic
police, then most of them wear helmets in
the wrong ways.
Helmets for the kids
Roadaccidentsofthekidsareincreased
during the time. Not wearing helmets
when the kids going with their parents is
prevailing. Moreover, in some cases the kids
wearing non-standard helmets and or in the
wrong ways could have the same problem
as analyzed earlier.
In many cases, people who used
fashion helmets or plastic brim helmets
could have serious injured in head, eyes,
scruff and neck when crash happening. For
non-standard helmets, the sponge could not
absorb and the cover could not dispose the
press of crashing then heavy injury could
be happened.
Survey that was taken in Kid Hospital
2 revealed that 60% of the kids coming to
the hospital were related to TBI due to road
crashes. From August 2008 to July 2009,
there were 43 kids under 15 years old with
TBI and 63% of them due to road crashes.
Many fashion helmets which are
under standard are selling in the market.
Those helmets could not protect people
when crashing, even causes serious injury
for them. According to the data from
Technical Measurement Standard Center
v. Regulation and Enforcement
There is the legislation in Vietnam
about the standard of motorcycle helmets.
By that regulation, the manufacture, the
import, the sale and the use of non-standard
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
70
helmets are not allowed. However, financial in many cases, motorcycle drivers wear
punishment is still lacking. Data of offences non-standard helmet and or in wrong ways,
or convictions for the manufacture and then the accidents would be heavy and
the use of non-standard helmets are not the victims would suffer TBI. The fourth
available while there are some records for survey was taken to analyze the problem
the import and the sale of non-standard of helmet for kids. The fifth survey 9 traffic
helmets in Hanoi.
safety agencies.
Therefore, in order to improve road
Based on the road traffic safety in the
safety, the Government to have enforcement major two cities of Vietnam, enforcement
with punishment solution and to strictly and education are very important to improve
deal with the manufacture, the import, the the situation. To improve road traffic safety
distribution and the use of non-standard in Vietnam, changing people’s attitude and
helmets. The Market Management Unit is awareness is very important and needs to be
requiredtoenhanceinspectionandcontrolto dealt firstly.
discover non-standard helmets. Mass media
vII. References
have to do campaign and propagation for
Data from Protect Helmet Enterprise,
people to use standard helmets and impacts
Traffic Police Team of Hadong,
of using non-standard helmets.
Hanoi
City,
National
Traffic
Appendix 6 showed the specific
documents relating to regulation and
enforcement of using standard helmet in
Vietnam
Safety Committee, Directorate for
Standards and Quality, Ministry of
Science and Technology, Traffic
Police Office of Ho Chi Minh City,
Market Management Unit of Ho Chi
Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City Custom
Department, Department of Science
and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City.
vI. Conclusion
In this paper, five specific surveys
were taken to reveal the problem. The first
survey was taken to 1038 motorcycle users
to identify the use of helmets including
type, price, place to buy, people’s features
and reason of using standard or non-
standard helmets including five factors
price, type, color and form, brand, quality.
Therefore it was reaved that most of people
use non-standard helmets even those have
certification stamp. The second survey was
takenatthehelmetmarketandthenrevealed
that many helmets sold in the market were
non-standard. The third survey toward
5 hospitals in the two cities and revealed
that the number of traffic accident into the
hospital occupied ½ of total cases there.
Among traffic accident cases, a half among
the total were physical break injuries and a
half were traumatic brain injuries in which
½ of those were non-helmet using cases and
the left ½ were non-standard helmets using
or wearing on the wrong ways. Data show
The “National technical regulation on
protective helmets for motorcycle
and moped users” (QCVN 2: 2008/
BKHCN).
UsingHelmet:RoadTrafficSafetyManualfor
Planning and Implementation. WHO.
2006
Helmet use saves lives. WHO. 2009
PrevalenceofHelmetuseAmongMotorcycle
Riders in Vietnam. D V Hung, M R
Stevenson, R Q Ivers. 2006
vIII. Appendix
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
71
Appendix 1
Table A: place of survey
place
Frequency
valid percent
4.65
Petrol station in Tran Hung Dao road, Dist. 1, HCMC
Petrol station in Cach Mang Thang Tam road, Dist. 3, HCMC
Petrol station in Ben Van Don street, Dist. 4, HCMC
Petrol station in Nguyen Trai road, Dist. 5, HCMC
Petrol station in Le Van Viet road, Dist.9, HCMC
Petrol station in Vo Van Ngan road, Dist.Thuduc, HCMC
Petrol station in Hoang Van Thu road, Dist.Tanbinh, HCMC
Petrol station in An Suong Bus Station, Dist.Hocmon, HCMC
Petrol station in Tan Ky Tan Quy road, Dist. Tanphu, HCMC
Petrol station in Hoang Quoc Viet road, Dist. Tayho, HN
Petrol station in Tay Son road (Nam Dong station), Dist. Dongda, HN
Petrol station in Bach Mai road, Dist. Haibatrung, HN
Petrol station in Nguyen Trai road, Dist. Thanhxuan, HN
Petrol station in Hadong Bus Station, Dist. Hadong, HN
Petrol station in Tran Hung Dao road, Dist. Hoankiem, HN
Total
25
25
51
50
44
6
4.65
9.48
9.29
8.18
1.12
8.74
2.97
1.12
9.29
9.29
9.85
9.29
9.29
2.79
100.00
47
16
6
50
50
53
50
50
15
538
Appendix 2
Table B. percentage of people who own motorcycles.
Own motorcycle
Frequency
Valid Percent
Yes
No
474
61
88.60
11.40
Total
535
100.00
Less than 100cc
76%
1%
100cc but less than
500cc
23%
500cc or more
Figure A. motorcycle size of the respondents
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
72
13%
Dri ver
Passengers
87%
Figure B. Status of motorcyclist
One person
2%
42%
Two people
56%
More than two
persons
Figure C. Number of person of the motorcycle
74.91
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
10.22
7.06
5.76
2.04
Travelling
to/from work
(or to
Travelling
to/from
leisure
Riding for Commercial
Other
pleasure
activities
schooling)
activities
trip aim
Figure d. The purpose of the trip
Appendix 3
Table C. Observation of helmet sticker
Table d. Observation of real sticker
Valid
Percent
Observation of
Valid
Percent
Observation of real
sticker
Frequency
475
Frequency
435
helmet sticker
Yes
88.29
Yes
No
90.44
No
62
1
11.52
0.19
46
9.56
Missing
Total
Total
481
100.00
538
100.00
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
73
Appendix 4
Table E. place to buy helmet (analyzing by survey area)
The place to buy Helmet (%)
The survey
area
Total
Friend,
colleague,
acquaintance
Helmet
Shop
Shopping
Center
Street
market
Bought
from Other
Given
0.19
Hanoi
HCMC
Total
11.45
11.07
6.49
16.41
7.25
4.77
7.82
12.60
51.15
24.81
36.26
7.63
1.34
8.59
0.76
0.95
48.85
17.56
24.05
100.00
Table F. price to buy helmet (analyzing by survey area)
Price of helmet (%)
City
Total
less than
US$ 5
US$ 5 - less
than $10
US$ 10 - less
than $20
US$ 20 or
Don’t know
more
Hanoi
HCMC
Total
5.25
16.63
20.57
37.20
29.98
15.54
45.51
1.53
0.00
1.75
1.75
53.39
7.44
1.31
2.84
46.61
12.69
100.00
Table g. Factors that affect people to buy helmet (analyzing by survey area)
Factors affect people’s decision to buy helmet (%)
Brand/
Total
City
Style/
look
No
relevant
Standard-
helmet
company
name
Color
22.39
Price
8.26
Quality
Other
0.00
Hanoi
6.96
10.22
5.22
5.22
10.43
0.00
0.43
0.43
0.00
0.22
0.22
53.04
46.96
100.00
TpHCM
Total
18.48
40.87
8.48
1.96
8.91
11.96
0.22
0.22
16.74
22.17
Table h. The relationship between the age of respondent and the price of helmet
Price of helmet (%)
US$ 10 -
less than
$20
Age
Total
less than
US$ 5
US$ 5 - less
than $10
US$ 20 or
Don’t know
more
18-23year-old
24-35year-old
Over 36year-old
15.12
34.88
41.59
32.90
43.02
4.65
2.33
1.40
1.94
100.00
10.75
14.19
43.93
48.39
2.34
2.58
100.00
100.00
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
74
Table I: Relationship between the price of helmet
and factor affected people to purchase helmet
Factor (%)
Brand/
Style/
look
Standard
No
relevant
Total
Color
5.04
Price
4.39
Quality
company Other
Price of helmet
less than US$ 5
-helmet
name
1.32
3.29
3.95
0.44
0.00
1.54
8.11
0.44
3.95
5.48
0.66
0.00
10.53
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.22
12.72
US$ 5 - less than $10
US$10 - less than $20
US$ 20 or more
Don’t know
15.57 6.14
19.08 6.36
37.28
45.61
2.85
10.75
0.66
0.66
21.71
1.10
0.44
0.00
0.00
1.54
Total
41.23 16.89 8.99
100.00
Table J. The relationship between the age of respondent
and the usage of standard helmet
Standard Helmet (number)
Age
Total
Yes
No
18-23year-old
24-35year-old
Over 36year-old
Total
78
31
109
240
181
530
192
141
411
48
40
119
Table K. The relationship between sex of respondent
and their usage of standard helmet
Standard Helmet (number)
Sex
Total
Yes
No
Male
232
172
10
63
54
3
295
226
13
Female
Don’t know
Total
414
120
534
Appendix 5
58%
42%
Hanoi
HCMC
Figure E. The surveyed cities
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
75
Table L. Location of retail outle
Location of retail outlet
Chua Boc, Dong Da, HN
Percentage
8.3
CMT8, Dis10, HCMC
Ha Dong,HN
25.0
33.3
8.3
Nguyen Trai, Ha Dong, HN
PhamHongThai, Dis1, HCMC
Truong Chinh, Dong Da, HN
Total
16.7
8.3
100.0
8%
42%
25%
17%
8%
General shop or supermarket also selling helmets
Informal road vendors or little roadside shops selling helmets
Other: selling helmet "Protect" only
Other: selling helmet only
Shop selling only automobile or motorcycle and related products
Figure F. Type of retail outlet
Table m. The cheapest cost for standard helmet
City
Price (USD)
Total
HCMC
Hanoi
Standard Helmet
6
14.3%
0%
28.6%
42.9%
7
28.6%
14.3%
0%
28.6%
14.3%
14.3%
100.0%
12
0%
26
14.3%
28.6%
Total
71.4%
Non-standard
2
3
5
0%
20.0%
20.0%
0%
20.0%
20.0%
60.0%
0%
60.0%
Total
60.0%
40.0%
100.0%
Table N. The most expensive cost for standard helmet
Price (USD)
Frequency
Percent (%)
5 – 10
11 – 20
21-40
> 40
2
3
5
2
17
25
42
17
Total
12
100.0
Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of science- No. 1(1) 2011
76
Table O. The most common cost for standard and non-standard helmet
City
Price (USD)
Total
HCMC
Hanoi
Standard Helmet
7
10.0%
10.0%
20.0%
.0%
.0%
10.0%
8
10.0%
10.0%
20.0%
10.0%
10.0%
60.0%
20.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
10.0%
100.0%
9
11
13
14
Total
.0%
.0%
40.0%
Non-standard Helmet
5
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Total
Appendix 6
7. Decree
No.06/2008/ND-CP
dated
16 January 2008: Administrative
Punishment of the Sale of Non-standard
Products and Goods
1. Data from Protect Helmet Enterprise,
Traffic Police Team of Hadong, Hanoi
City, National Traffic Safety Committee,
Directorate for Standards and Quality,
Ministry of Science and Technology,
Traffic Police Office of Hochiminh City,
Market Management Unit of Hochiminh
8. Decree No.95/2007/ND-CP dated 4 June
2007: Amendment and Supplementation
for the No.126.
9. Decree No.179/2004/ND-CP dated 21
October 2004: Regulation of Quality
Management of Products and Goods.
10.Decree No.50/2006/QĐ – TTg dated 07
March 2006: List of Products and Goods
to Quality Testing
11.DecreeNo.32/2007/NQ-CPdated29June
2007 by the Prime Minister: Emergency
Solutions to Deal with Traffic Accident
and Congestion
12.Decree No.146/2007/NQ-CP dated 14
September 2007 by the Prime Minister:
Administrative Punishment in Road
Transportation.
City,
Hochiminh
City
Custom
Department, Department of Science and
Technology, Hochiminh City.
2. Regulation No.04/2008/QD-BKHCN
dated 28 April 2008 of the Ministry of
Science and Technology.
3. The “National Technical Regulation
on Protective Helmets for Motorcycle
and Moped users” (QCVN 2: 2008/
BKHCN).
4. Product and Goods Quality Law No.
05/2007/QH12 dated 21 November
2007
5. Criterion and Technical Standard Law 13.TCVN 6979: 2001 Standard of
No.68/2006/QH11 dated 29 June 2006
6. Decree No.126/2005/ND-CP dated
10 October 2005: Regulation on
Administrative Punishment of Products
and Goods Quality and Assessment
Motorcycle Helmets for Children.
14.Traffic Law dated 29 June 2001.
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