Tài liệu Tổng hợp các Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học y khoa trẻ em
1. Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học: Nhiễm trùng đường hô hấp
cấp tính trẻ em của trường mầm non tại Thành phố Huế.
2. Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học Thiếu máu ở trẻ em Trường
Tiểu học của hai xã vùng cao huyện Nam Đông, tỉnh Thừa
Thiên Huế.
3. Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học: Tìm hiểu tình hình suy thận
trong hội chứng thận hư tiên phát ở trẻ em tại khoa nhi -
Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế.
4. Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học: Tìm hiểu một số yếu tố nguy
cơ có liên quan đến viêm phổi nặng ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi.
5. Đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học Tình trạng suy dinh dưỡng ở
học sinh bị một số khuyết tật từ 7 đến 14 tuổi tại Thừa
Thiên Huế.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010
ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
IN CHILDREN OF PRE- SCHOOLS IN HUE CITY
Dang Nhu Phon, Nguyen Van Tap
College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University
SUMMARY
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a common disease and is the highest cause of death
in children under 5 years of age in many countries. In Vietnam, the program to prevent acute
respiratory infection started in 1984, and aims to reduce the rate of acute respiratory infections
in children, and reduce mortality caused by this disease. However, acute respiratory infections
still attract much concern because the incidence of the disease is still high and affect the health
of children. This study aims to identify the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children
attending nusery schools in Hue city. A cross-sectional survey of 398 children attending nursery
schools in Hue city was conducted. Through research, we got the following results: (1) the
prevalence of acute respiratory infections within two weeks of the survey was 22.36%, (2) the
prevalence of acute respiratory infections increased with age, (3) the prevalence of acute
respiratory infections did not differ by gender.
1. Introduction
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a common disease and causes high
mortality for children under 5 years old in many countries. According to a study by
Wajula (1991), the incidence of ARI/ total number of children in Iraq is 39.3%, in Brazil
is 41.8%, in the UK is 30.5%, and in Australia is 34%.
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that every year approximately 15
million children die, of which about 5 million die from ARI. In Vietnam, ARI in
children leads to mobidity and mortality. ARI contains 44% of common diseases. In the
community, the ARI program (1997) indicated that a village with a population of 8000,
children under 5 years old spent 1600-1800 times having ARIs each year, of which
about 400-450 times children have pneumonia required the treatment. A program to
prevent acute respiratory infection started in 1984, which aims to reduce the prevalence
of acute respiratory infections in children and reduce mortality caused by this disease.
However, currently ARI has attracted much attention because the incidence of
333
the disease is still high and affects the health of children. This study aims to identify the
prevalence of acute respiratory infections in pre-school children in Hue city and the
distribution of the disease by age and gender.
2. Subjects and method
2.1. Research subjects: children in nursery schools in Hue city.
2.2. Research Methodology
2.2.1. Study Design: cross-sectional study with random sampling
2.2.2 Sample size: from the formula for calculating the sample size, 398 children
aged 2 to under 6 years old were selected
2.2.3. Data collection techniques
- Criteria for determination of ARI when accompanied by fever and one of the
following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, concave chest on withdrawl, runny
nose, sore throat. A child was determined not to have an ARI if the criteria are not
satisfied.
- Age was determined according to the WHO classification and divided into 04 groups:
2 to under 3 years old; 3 to under 4 years old; 4 to under 5 years old and 5 to under 6
years old.
2.2.4. Data collection method: A questionnaire was used to gather the variables.
Questions about variables with disease or without disease was collected by maternal
recall within 2 weeks of the survey.
2.2.5. Data analysis: software SPSS 11.5
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the study sample
Table 3.1. Distribution of age groups by gender
Ages
Male
28 (14.36%)
61 (31.77%)
103 (53.65%)
192
Female
29 (14.08%)
63 (30.58%)
114 (55.34%)
206
p
Total
2 - < 4 ages
4 - < 5ages
5 - < 6 ages
Total
57 (14.32%)
124 (31.16%)
217 (54.52%)
398
>0.05
Reviews: ratio of gender among different age groups is not statistically
significant (p> 0.05).
334
3.2. The situation of acute respiratory infections
Table 3.2. The situation of acute respiratory infections in the study sample.
Status
ARI
Frequency (n)
Rate (%)
22.36%
77.64%
100%
p
89
<0.01
Not ARI
Total
309
398
Reviews: Surveys 398 children, 89 children met the criteria for ARI within the
past two weeks with a rate of 22.36% (95% confidence interval)
22,36%
77,64%
ARI
Not ARI
Chart 3.1. The situation of acute respiratory infections in the study sample
Table 3.3. The situation of acute respiratory infections by age group distribution
Age group
ARI
Not ARI
p
Total
distribution
2 - < 4 ages
4 - < 5 ages
5 - < 6 ages
Total
22 (11.64%)
32 (22.88%)
35 (65.48%)
89
35 (11.32%)
92 (22.77%)
182 (58.91%)
309
57 (14.32%)
124 (31.16%)
217 (54.52%)
398
<0.01
Reviews: Group 5 to under 6 years old has rate of ARI (65.48%) higher than the
rest. This difference is statistically significant with p <0.01.
335
Table 3.4. The situation of ARI according to gender distribution
Gender
Male
ARI
46 (51.69%)
43 (48.31%)
89
Not.ARI
146 (47.25%)
163 (52.75%)
309
p
Total
192 (48.24%)
206 (51.76%)
398
> 0.05
Female
Total
Reviews: The rate of ARI in male is 48.24%, and 51.76% in female, but this
difference is not statistically significant with p<0,05.
Rate %
52.75
53
51.69
52
51
50
48.31
49
48
47
46
45
44
Male
47.25
Female
ARI
Not ARI
Chart 3.3. The situation of acute respiratory infections by gender distribution
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of common acute respiratory infections
The research results acquired by (table 3.3.) surveying 398 children under 6
years of age found 89 children suffered from ARI within the past 2 weeks (proportion
of 22.36%). This is prevalence of the disease, according to Dinh Thanh Hue:
"describing the health phenomenon of a population at a certain time."
The author Nguyen Co Viet and colleagues investigated the three provinces of
Ha Nam, Da Nang, Tay Ninh and observed an ARI prevalence is 22.8%.
According to Bui Duc Duong, Nguyen Duc Chinh ARI prevalence was 24.4%.
According to other authors, ARI is the highest rate of infection compared with other
diseases. The rate of ARI (22.36%) is similar to these authors but lower than the rate
found in the studies of Nguyen Thi Man at 37.94% , and Nguyen Huy Binh at 38.67%.
On the other hand, a study of Nguyen Tan Vien, Le Thi Ngoc Viet said that the younger
children are, the higher ARI proportion is. In 0-12 month children, 54.90% had ARI,
This rate in children of 13-36 months was 33.28% and 11.28% for children of 37-60
months. The participants of our study were older, aged from 2 to under 6 years and the
investigation was carried out after a flood and change of season in Hue city , These
336
reasons made ARI easy to catch and develop in Hue at this time. This is relevant with
the comments of the authors Ta Thi Anh Hoa, Nguyen Dinh Huong, Nguyen Tan Vien.
4.2. Acute respiratory infections by age group
Table 3.1. Showed that 5- under 6 years of age group got the highest ARI
accounting for 65.48%, 4 - under 5 years of age group accounting for 22.88% and
under 4 years of age accounting for 11.64%. The difference is statistically significant
with p <0.05.
This result shows that in older children, the rate of ARI is higher. This is in
contrast to study of other authors.
Research by Nguyen Tan Vien, Le Thi Ngoc Viet through 8084 for children of 5
years showed that ARI prevalence of children 2-12 months was 54.90%, 13-36 months
at 33.28% and 37-60 months at 11.82%.
According To Anh Toan, Bui Duc Duong (2004), ARI in under 1 year old
children was two times as high as that in 3 age groups, and 2,5 times as high as that in
4 age group.
The smaller the age is, the higher the rate of ARI is. According to Le Thi Nga
and colleagues (1998) children aged 0-12 months have the highest ARI proportion at
62.9%.
However in our study, the participants were children in pre-schools. There are
more older children who go to school than younger ones. The younger children tend to
stay at home or in hospital for care when they are ill, they do not go to school, so we
could not join the list of them in our investigation. For older children when they get
mild sickness, they may continue schooling and thus remained on the books of the
investigation. The proportion of children in the study is 2 – under 4 years of age is 57
(14.32%), 4 - 5 years old was 124 (31.16%) and 5 to under 6 years of age is 124
(31.16%), so in our study, the older children have a higher ARI rate.
Acute respiratory infections according to gender distribution Table 3.4 showed
that the rate of males is 48.24% of whom 51.69% are infected with ARI. The proportion
of females is 51.76%, of whom 48.31% are infected ARI. Results showed that the ARI
rate in males is higher than that in females, however, this difference is not statistically
significant (p> 0.05).
Nguyen Co Viet and colleagues estimated an ARI prevalence of which males
account for 53.1% and females 46.9%. This rate has no statistical differences between
males and females, which was also the case in the studies of Bui Duc Duong, Nguyen
Duc Chinh.
337
5. Conclusions
From the results obtained in this study, we reached the following conclusions:
The prevalence of acute respiratory infections within two weeks of the
survey was 22.36%
The prevalence of acute respiratory infections increased with age.
The prevalence of acute respiratory infections did not differ by gender.
REFERENCES
1. Bộ Y Tế, “ Chương trình nhiểm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính ở trẻ em”, Đánh giá, phân loại
và xử trí Nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp trẻ em, Hà Nội, (1994), 28-38.
2. Bùi Đức Dương, Nguyễn Đức Chính, Tình hình sử dụng dịch vụ y tế cơ sở và khả năng
tiếp cận của trẻ em với chương trình NKHHC, Hội nghị khoa học về lao và bệnh phổi,
Bộ Y Tế, (2001), 103- 104.
3. Lê Thị Nga và cộng sự, Tình hình mắc bệnh Nhiễm khuẩn cấp ở trẻ em dân tộc Sán
Dìu và Mông ở Thái Nguyên – Hà Giang”, Hội nghị tổng kết hoạt động ARI , Bộ Y Tế ,
Hà Nội, (1998).
4. Nguyễn Huy Bính, Nghiên cứu tình hình nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi
tại phường Vĩnh Hải, thành phố Nha Trang, tỉnh Khánh Hòa. Luận văn tốt nghiệp
chuyên khoa I chuyên ngành y tế công cộng, (2007), 33-34
5. Nguyễn Tấn Viên, Lê Thị Ngọc Việt, Một số nhận xét về bệnh NKHHCT ở trẻ dưới 5
tuổi qua 5.084 trường hợp NKHHCT ở trẻ 2 tháng đến 5 tuổi, Kỷ yếu công trình Nhi
khoa, (1994), 358-363.
6. Nguyễn Thị Măn, Nghiên cứu tình hình nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi
tại phường Thống Nhất, thành phố Biên Hòa, tỉnh Đồng Nai, Luận văn tốt nghiệp
chuyên khoa I chuyên ngành y tế công cộng, (2008), 38.
7. Nguyễn Việt Cồ, Bùi Đức Dương, Tình hình sử dụng dịch vụ y tế cơ sở và khả năng tiếp
cận của trẻ em với chương trình NKHHCT, Hội nghị tổng kết hoạt động ARI, Hà Nội,
(2000), 38.
8. Tạ Thị Ánh Hoa, Chương trình Quốc gia phòng chống nhiễm khuẩn hô cấp ở trẻ em,
Bài giảng nhi khoa tập 1- Trường Đại học Y Dược Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, (1997),
484- 486.
9. Dhamage.SC, Rajapaksa.LC, Fernando.DN, Risk factors of acute lowers respiratory
tract infections in children under five year of age, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public
338
Heath, 27 (1), (1996), 107-10.
10. Sow O,Diallo AB, Acute respiratory infections in children: a community based study
comparing a primary healthcenter and a pediatric unit, Republic of Gunnea, Tuber
Lung Dis, (1995), 4-10.
339
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010
ANEMIA IN PRIMARY SCHOOL-CHILDREN OF TWO HIGHLAND
COMMUNES IN NAM DONG DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Dang Thij Anh Thu, Hoang Trong Sy, Nguyen Van Hoa
College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University
SUMMARY
A survey carried out in 2007 of 336 highland school children in Nam Dong district,
Thua Thien Hue Province showed that the total rate of anemia was 28.9%, in which it was
almost all at mild level (26.2%) and moderate level (2.7%), there were no cases at the serious
level; The malnutrition rate of children was 39%. According to the stool tests, the rate of
children getting hookworm was the highest with 18.2%. There was a significant difference
between anemia and ethnic groups (the anemia rate of the Kinh children was lower than that of
the Catu ones). Moreover, there were other significant differences between anemia and
biological factors, including: age, nutritional status, and hookworm infection. Factors relating
to anemia were geography, household economic levels, the number of days eating meat and fish
a week, having parents working as farmers, educational levels of mothers and mother’s practice
in feeding children.
1. Introduction
In recent decades, although there has been a considerable change of socio-
economic conditions, anemia is still an important health issue in many rural and
highland areas in Vietnam. Particularly for school-age children, it is dangerous, and not
only related to their physical and mental health but also affects the long-term
development of the community. Thuong Nhat commune and Khe Tre town are two poor
highland areas of Nam Dong district. Basically, people in both areas have a low
education level, poor income, traditional customs and habits, topography and so on,
which restricts living environment, hygienic conditions, and children’s health. Therefore,
objectives of this study are to Determine the rate of anemia of primary school children
in Thuong Nhat commune and Khe Tre Town of Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue
province, compare this rate of the Katu ethnic group to the Kinh and Find out the
relationships between anemia and some factors on this group.
449
2. Methodology
2.1. Participants
The study was conducted in primary schools of Thuong Nhat commune and Khe
Tre town of Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province. 336 pupils randomly selected
by EPI INFO statistical software were evaluated, included 164 pupils of Thuong Nhat
commune primary school and 172 Khe Tre Town primary pupils. The study was
conducted from June to September, 2007.
2.2. Research method
This was a cross-sectional survey.
Children’s weight and height was measured to examine the nutritional condition.
Blood samples were collected for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration,
using the KX-21 machine (Symex, Japan).
Formalin ether technique was used to test stool samples to look for helminthes
eggs.
Mothers of those children were directly interviewed for more information
relating to anemia, the answers were written down using questionnaires.
Assessment indicators
- Evaluating children’s anemia status based on the hemoglobin concentration
standard (g/dl) of the World Health Organization (Mild anemia: 9.0-11.9g/dl, moderate
anemia: 7-8.9g/dl, serious anemia: lower than 7g/dl).
- Evaluating helminthes infection status by whether children had helminthes
eggs (including Hookworm’s, Ascaris’or Trichuris’s eggs) in stool samples or not.
- Weight and height were used for evaluating nutrition condition of children (If
the children are younger than 9 years old, the index of weights over heights based on the
conferential population was calculated:
- Lower than -2SD was considered malnutrition
- Equal to or over -2SD was considered normal
For 9 year old children and the older, whose height was over the upper
boundary’s height, a BMI indicator was applied.
Weight
BMI
=
Height2
Assessment: under 5th centigrade of the conferential population was considered
malnutrition, equal and over 5th centigrade of conferential population was considered
450
normal.
- Some other factors were also evaluated, including: children’s infectious status
as well as blood lost status in the six weeks before the study was conducted, household
economic levels, the number of days eating meat and fish a week, having parents
working as farmers, educational levels of mothers and mother’s practices regarding
feeding children.
Statistical analysis
All data were coded and entered into EPI INFO version 6.04b and SPSS 15.0 for
analysis.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. The social- demographic characteristics of the sample
Table 3.1. The social- demographic characteristics of participants.
Characteristics
n
%
p
Kinh
Catu
220
116
186
150
172
164
45
65.5
34.5
55.4
44.6
51.2
48.8
13.4
15.5
14.6
12.8
19.0
24.7
100
Ethnic
Sex
p>0.05
Males
p>0.05
p>0.05
Females
Khe Tre
Demography
Thuong Nhat
6
7
52
8
49
Ages
p>0.05
9
43
10
>10
64
83
Total
336
There was no significant difference between the two ethnic groups, number of
males and females, number of people living in Thuong Nhat commune and Khe Tre
town, as well as in ages of participants ( p>0.05).
451
Table 3.2. Anemia rate, malnutrition rate and helminthes infection rate of participants.
Characteristics
n
9
%
Moderate
Mild
2.7
Anemia
88
239
131
205
61
14
5
26.2
71.1
39.0
61.0
18.2
4.2
Normal
Malnutrition
Normal
Nutritional status
Hookworm
Ascaris
Helminthes infection
Trichuris
1.5
The total anemia rate of primary school children in Thuong Nhat commune and
Khe Tre town in 2007 was 28.9%. All cases were at mild and moderate levels. There
was no serious anemia. This result was similar to the ones of Cao Ba Loi ‘s study and
Youssef A. ‘s survey (in which, the anemia total rate of primary school children in Lang
Son City and Morocco were 29.4% and 31.6%, respectively). Also, it was acceptable
according to the rate given by the WHO, the anemia rate of children from 5 to 12 years
old is around 37%.
The rate of malnutrition was 39.0%. In the stool samples, the rate of samples
having Hookworm ‘s eggs were highest (18.2%). The stool samples containing other
worm ‘s eggs were low. This might result from nation collective helminthes worming
program for primary school children which are carrying out in Nam Dong district.
3.2. Some factors linking to anemia’s status
3.2.1. Biological factors
Table 3.3. Relationships between anemic status and sex, ethnic, age of studied group
Anemia
Characteristics
Total
2, p
n
%
2 = 3.13
p > 0.05
Male
186
150
116
220
45
61
36
47
50
22
32.8
24.0
40.5
22.7
48.9
Sex
Female
Catu
Kinh
6
2 = 11.71
p < 0.01
Ethnic
groups
Age (years)
2 = 23.20
452
7
8
52
49
21
14
14
15
11
97
40.4
28.6
32.6
23.4
13.3
28.9
p < 0.01
9
43
10
>10
64
83
Total
336
The results showed that there was a significant difference in anemia status
between males and females in the studied group. Yet, there were significant links
between the anemia status and ethnic groups (the rate of anemia in the Katu children
was higher than that of the Kinh children, p<0.01), and ages (the younger had the higher
anemia’s rate, p<0.05).
Compared with the study of Cao Ba Loi et al., the results also pointed out that
there was a significant difference in the number of anemic males and anemic females in
the studied group, and the relationship between the anemia status and ethnic groups
(the Kinh children and other minority children (Tay, Nung,…) was found.
Table 3.4. Relationships between anemia ‘s status and nutrition’s status,
common helminthes infections.
Anemia
Characteristics
Total
2, p
n
%
2 = 4.08
p < 0.05
2 = 2.09
p > 0.05
2 = 5.33
p < 0.05
2 = 0.08
p > 0.05
2 = 1.10
p > 0.05
Malnutrition
131
205
89
46
51
31
66
25
72
5
35.1
24.9
34.8
26.7
41.0
26.2
35.7
28.6
60.0
28.4
28.9
Nutrition’s status
Normal
Yes
No
Common helminthes
infection
247
61
Yes
No
Hookworm infection
Ascaris infection
275
14
Yes
No
322
5
92
3
Yes
No
Trichuris infection
Total
331
336
94
97
453
A significant difference between anemia and children’s nutritional status was
found in this study (p>0.05). According to many other surveys, there was a high anemia
rate in malnourished children (over 80%). Anemia and malnutrition have a strong link
with each other, the more seriously malnourished children get, the worse their anemia is.
Evaluating the relationships between helminthes infection and anemia showed
that there was a link between Hookworm infection and anemia. The research of Ta Thi
Tinh also reported that there was no connection between anemia and Ascaris infection
as well as Trichuris infection, but a significant relationship between anemia and
Hookworm infection was found.
Table 3.5. Relationships between Anemia and infectious or blood lost status in 6 months before
the study was conducted.
Anemia
2, p
Characteristics
Total
N
4
%
2 = 0.45
Yes
9
44.4
28.4
38.5
28.1
28.9
Blood lost status
p > 0.05
No
Yes
No
327
26
93
10
87
97
2 = 1.26
Infectious status
Sum
310
336
p > 0.05
Although there was no relationship between anemia’s status and blood lost status
as well as infectious status in the six months before the study was conducted, chronic
infection and bleeding are factors relating to anemia. Therefore, children with chronic
infections or who have serious bleeding have had chronic bleeding in the past need to be
looked after carefully. It is necessary for them to supplement their iron levels with
tablest to prevent anemia.
3.2.2. Environmental factors
Table 3.6. Relationships between anemia status and demography,
household economic levels and the number of days eating meat and fish a week
Anemia
Characteristics
Total
2, p
n
%
2 = 18.08
Thuong Nhat
164
172
65
32
39.6
18.6
Demography
p < 0.01
Khe Tre
Household
economic levels
Under the
average
193
454
73
37.8
2 = 17.66
p < 0.01
Equal or over the
average
143
24
16.8
0 - 3 days
4 - 7 days
163
173
336
67
30
97
41.1
17.3
28.9
Number of days
eating meat and
fish a week
2 = 23.08
p < 0.01
Total
Demography is one of the factors relating to anemia in our study. According to
the results in the survey of Nguyen Cong Khanh on the anemia status of Vietnamese
children in 1987, there was a significant difference in the rate of anemic children
between rural areas and urban areas; that was also similar to the results of the study of
Adewuji JO (1992).
There was a considerable link between household economic levels and anemia
status. It is reasonable that economic factors influence many other elements, including
children nutrition status. The research of Ali, on the relationship between demographic-
social factors and anemia status in 2001 found the difference between household
economic levels and anemia’s status.
The children who ate more meat and fish a week have lower rate of anemia.
Compared with results of the study of Nguyen PH, it also reported that there was a
relationship between anemia status and the number of days children ate fish and meat a
week. Additionally, the survey of Nguyen Chi Tam mentioned that the low frequency of
fish and meat intake was a risk factor of anemia among members in family, including
the adult.
Table 3.7. Relationships between anemia‘s status and having parents working as farmers
Anemia
Characteristics
Farmer
Total
2, p
n
%
203
133
336
205
126
331
76
21
97
75
20
95
37.4
15.8
28.9
36.6
15.9
28.7
2 = 18.29
Mother’s
occupation
Other
Total
p < 0.01
Farmer
Other
Total
2 = 16.36
Father ‘s
occupation
p < 0.01
There was a relationship between anemia status and parents who were farmers.
The possible reason is that if parents work as farmers their children have more
occasions to play in the fields, combined with other factors such as habits of walking
455
barefoot and so on, leading to good conditions for hookworm infection. Therefore, it
can cause anemia.
Table 3.8. Relationships between anemia‘s status and educational levels of mothers and
mother’s practice in feeding children
Anemia
Characteristics
Total
2, p
n
%
Illiterature
135
129
51
37.8
Primary
school
2 = 8.75
29
17
22.5
23.6
Educational levels of
mothers
p < 0.05
Higher than
primary
72
schools
No
204
132
336
70
27
97
34.3
20.5
28.9
Mother’s practice in
feeding children
2 = 7.50
Yes
p < 0.01
Total
Generally, the results showed that the higher the educational levels of mothers,
the lower anemia rate found in their children. According to the results of a study of Cao
Duc Hanh on the anemia status of children from six months to under 15 years old, there
was also a link between anemia ‘s status and educational levels of mothers, some other
research had a similar conclusion. In addition, the connection between anemia status
and the mother’s practices of feeding children was found by our study.
4. Conclusions
The total anemia rate of primary school children in Thuong Nhat commune and
Khe Tre town was 28.9%, all of them were at the mild level (26.2%) and moderate level
(2.7%), there were no serious cases of anemia. The rate of malnutrition was 39.0%. In
the stool samples, the rate of samples having hookworm‘s eggs were highest (18.2%).
There was a significant difference between anemia rate of different ethnical
groups. The rate of anemia in the Katu children was higher than that of the Kinh.
Moreover, biological factors relating to anemia were ages, nutritional status,
hookworm infection.
Environmental factors which have a relationship with anemia status included
demography, household economic levels, the number of days eating meat and fish a
week, parents working as farmers, educational levels of mothers and the mother’s
practice in feeding children.
456
5. Recommendations
Katu children in Nam Dong should supplement their diet with iron tablets and
cured for normal reasons of anemia.
Suitable solutions should be given to improve malnutrition and hookworm
infections among these primary school children.
The knowledge of mothers and awareness about anemia should be strengthened.
Further research needs to be conducted in Nam Dong about anemia to get the
correct assessment and detect its relating factors for improving community health.
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school children (6-14 years old) in Quang Lac, Mai Pha, Chi Lang communes of Lang
Son city, Lang Son province. Malarial and Parasitic diseases preventive Magazine 2005,
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3. Nguyen Chi Tam. Nutritional anemia and some relating factors in 11 to 14 year old
children in a rural commune [Master ‘s thesis of community nutrition], Hanoi Medical
University 1996.
4. Ta Thi Tinh et al. The relationship between anemia‘s status of primary school children
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5. Quizhpe E. et al., Prevalence of Anaemia in Schoolchildren in the Amazon Area of
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6. Nguyen PH et al. Risk Factors for Anemia in Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med
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Publishing House 2001:102-103.
8. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong et al. Effects of Anemia on Physical and Behavioral-mental
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Publishing House 2001:146-162.
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9. World health Organization. School-age Children. Helminthes Control in School-age
Children. Genever: World Health Organization Press 2002:9-10.
10. Youssef A. et al. Prévalence de L’ Anémie Chez les Préadolescents Scolaires dans La
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458
TÌM HIỂU TÌNH HÌNH SUY THẬN
TRONG HỘI CHỨNG THẬN HƯ TIÊN PHÁT Ở TRẺ EM
TẠI KHOA NHI - BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG HUẾ
Hồ Viết Hiếu
Trường Đại học Y khoa, Đại học Huế
1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
Hội chứng thận hư tiên phát (HCTHTP) là bệnh khá phổ biến. Tại Khoa
Nhi - Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế, HCTHTP chiếm 30% số bệnh thận và 0,73%
bệnh nội trú [1]. Tổng kết 10 năm của Viện Nhi, HCTHTP chiếm 1,7% số bệnh
nội trú, chiếm 42,62% số bệnh tại Khoa Thận [7].HCTHTP là biểu hiện của
bệnh lý cầu thận mạn tính với nhiều biến chứng [2][6][10]. Trong đó, suy thận
(ST) là một biến chứng quan trọng, vì nó có thể gây tử vong nếu không được can
thiệp đúng và kịp thời. [3][8][10].
Trong thực hành, để điều trị và tiên lượng HCTHTP một cách đúng đắn,
người ta dựa vào thể lâm sàng; sự đáp ứng với corticoid; đặc biệt có biến chứng
1
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