Vai trò của siêu âm trong chuẩn đoán tắc tràng bẩm sinh ở trẻ sơ sinh

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ꢅꢄꢀĈӕLꢀWѭӧQJ  
&iFꢀ EӋQKꢀ QKLꢀ Vѫꢀ VLQKꢀ ꢁ”ꢀ ꢆꢇꢀ QJj\ꢀ WXәLꢂꢃꢀ OkPꢀ  
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VLrXꢀkPꢀWKӵFꢀVӵꢀFҫQꢀWKLӃWꢃꢀQKӡꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀU}ꢀQpWꢀ  
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6ӱꢀGөQJꢀÿҫXꢀGzꢀ/LQHDUꢀWҫQꢀVӕꢀFDRꢀWӯꢀꢈꢃꢉꢀÿӃQꢀ  
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ꢀꢁ  
TCNCYH 138 (2) - 2021  
7Ҥ3ꢀ&+Ëꢀ1*+,Ç1ꢀ&Ӭ8ꢀ<ꢀ+Ӑ&  
TXDꢀÿѭӧFꢀVӵꢀFҧQꢀWUӣꢀFӫDꢀNKtꢀYjꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀÿѭӧFꢀ  
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JyFꢀJLӳDꢀĈ0&%ꢀYjꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢀ0777ꢀQKӓꢀKѫQꢀ  
25oꢇꢀNKRҧQJꢀFiFKꢀJLӳDꢀĈ0&%ꢀYjꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢀ  
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ꢀꢁꢂ3KѭѫQJꢂSKiS  
7KXꢀWKұSꢀFiFꢀWK{QJꢀWLQꢀYӅꢀÿһFꢀÿLӇPꢀFӫDꢀPүXꢀ  
QJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀEDRꢀJӗPꢀFiFꢀWK{QJꢀWLQꢀYӅꢀWXәLꢂꢀJLӟLꢂꢀ  
FiFꢀGӏꢀWұWꢀNӃWꢀKӧSꢂꢀWULӋXꢀFKӭQJꢀOkPꢀVjQJꢂꢀNӃWꢀTXҧꢀ  
VLrXꢀ kPꢀ WUѭӟFꢀ VLQKꢂꢀ NӃWꢀ TXҧꢀ SKүXꢀ WKXұWꢁꢀ ĈһFꢀ  
ÿLӇPꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀәꢀEөQJꢀEDRꢀJӗPꢃ  
ꢄꢅꢆꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀOjꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀKDLꢀFҩXꢀ  
WU~FꢀGӏFKꢇGӏFKꢀ±ꢀNKtꢀÿѭӧFꢀQKұQꢀGLӋQꢀOjꢀGҥꢀGj\ꢀ  
Yjꢀ Wiꢀ WUjQJꢀ JLmQꢀ WUrQꢀ PһWꢀ SKҷQJꢀ FҳWꢀ VLrXꢀ kPꢀ  
QJDQJꢀTXDꢀYQJꢀWKѭӧQJꢀYӏꢀYjꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀEyQJꢀ  
GӏFKꢀWKӭꢀꢈꢀWKXӝFꢀӕQJꢀWLrXꢀKyDꢀÿѭӧFꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀ  
WKҩ\ꢂ5ꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢀOjꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWLӃSꢀQӕLꢀ  
JLӳDꢀFiFꢀTXDLꢀUXӝWꢀJLmQꢀYjꢀ[ҽSꢂꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀEҵQJꢀ  
YӏꢀWUtꢀQӕLꢀWLӃSꢀ[iFꢀÿӏQKꢀÿѭӧFꢀWҥLꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀ'ꢅꢉꢊꢂꢀ'ꢊꢉꢈꢀ  
KRһFꢀYQJꢀUXӝWꢀ[ҽSꢀWKXӝFꢀKӛQJꢀWUjQJꢂ6  
ꢄꢐꢆꢀQDQJꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀÿ{LꢀOjꢀFҩXꢀWU~FꢀGҥQJꢀQDQJꢀ  
GӏFKꢀYQJꢀÿҫXꢀWө\ꢂꢀYiFKꢀQDQJꢀFyꢀÿһFꢀWUѭQJꢀFӫDꢀ  
WKjQKꢀ ӕQJꢀ WLrXꢀ KyDꢁꢐꢀ 7LrXꢀ FKXҭQꢀ FKҭQꢀ ÿRiQꢀ  
FӫDꢀ WҳFꢀ Wiꢀ WUjQJꢀ WUrQꢀ VLrXꢀ kPꢃꢀ GӵDꢀ YjRꢀ ELӇXꢀ  
KLӋQꢀFӫDꢀWuQKꢀWUҥQJꢀWҳFꢀQJKӁQꢀÿѭӡQJꢀWLrXꢀKyDꢀ  
KRһFꢀSKiWꢀKLӋQꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢁꢀ6ꢀ&KҭQꢀ  
ÿRiQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀ  
WҥLꢀÿѭӧFꢀ[iFꢀQKұQꢀQKѭꢀVDXꢃꢀWHRꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀNKLꢀFyꢀ  
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KӛQJꢀWUjQJꢒꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀWҳFꢀNK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢂꢀ  
NӃWꢀOXұQꢀOjꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀ  
NKLꢀ Fyꢀ ³KuQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ EyQJꢀ ÿ{L´ꢀ NqPꢀ ORҥLꢀ WUӯꢀ FiFꢀ  
QJX\rQꢀ QKkQꢀ ErQꢀ QJRjLꢒꢀ FiFꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ NKiFꢀ  
JL~SꢀSKiWꢀKLӋQꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀKRһFꢀFӫQJꢀFӕꢇORҥLꢀ  
WUӯꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢁꢈꢂꢀꢌ  
ꢄꢊꢆꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀWăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀUXӝWꢀOjꢀVӵꢀFXӝQꢀ  
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WUӵFꢀQJD\ꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀWUѭӟFꢀFKӛꢀWҳFꢀQJKӁQꢂ5  
ꢃꢁꢂ;ӱꢂOêꢂVӕꢂOLӋX  
6ӕꢀ OLӋXꢀ ÿѭӧFꢀ QKұSꢀ Yjꢀ SKkQꢀ WtFKꢀ EҵQJꢀ  
SKҫQꢀPӅPꢀ6366ꢀꢊꢑꢂꢑꢁꢀ&iFꢀELӃQꢀÿӏQKꢀOѭӧQJꢀ  
ÿѭӧFꢀ WUuQKꢀ Ej\ꢀ GѭӟLꢀ GҥQJꢀ WUXQJꢀ EuQKꢀ Yjꢀ ÿӝꢀ  
OӋFKꢀFKXҭQꢂꢀÿѭӧFꢀNLӇPꢀÿӏQKꢀEҵQJꢀSKpSꢀNLӇPꢀ  
7ꢀKRһFꢀ8ꢀ0DQQꢀ:KLWQH\ꢂꢀFyꢀêꢀQJKƭDꢀWKӕQJꢀNrꢀ  
YӟLꢀSꢀꢓꢀꢑꢂꢑꢌꢁꢀ&iFꢀELӃQꢀÿӏQKꢀWtQKꢀÿѭӧFꢀWUuQKꢀEj\ꢀ  
GѭӟLꢀGҥQJꢀWӹꢀOӋꢀYjꢀÿѭӧFꢀNLӇPꢀÿӏQKꢀEҵQJꢀSKpSꢀ  
NLӇPꢀFKLꢀEuQKꢀSKѭѫQJꢀKRһFꢀ)LVKHUꢁ  
ꢄꢈꢆꢀPjQJꢀQJăQꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀOjꢀGҧLꢀWăQJꢀkPꢀGj\ꢀ  
QҵPꢀ FҳWꢀ QJDQJꢀ WURQJꢀ OzQJꢀ Wiꢀ WUjQJꢀ ÿҫ\ꢀ GӏFKꢂꢀ  
KRjQꢀWRjQꢀKRһFꢀNK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢂ7  
ꢄꢋꢆꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWө\ꢀQKүQꢀÿѭӧFꢀJKLꢀQKұQꢀEҵQJꢀ  
KuQKꢀҧQKꢀFҩXꢀWU~FꢀOLrQꢀWLӃSꢀYӟLꢀQKXꢀP{ꢀWKkQꢀ±ꢀ  
ÿX{LꢀWө\ꢀQҵPꢀEDRꢀTXDQKꢀÿRҥQꢀ'ꢊꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀKҽSꢂ5  
ꢄꢌꢆꢀEҩWꢀWKѭӡQJꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀFӫDꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀPҥFꢀWUHRꢀ  
WUjQJꢀWUrQꢀꢄ0777ꢆꢀNKLꢀQyꢀQҵPꢀӣꢀErQꢀWUiLꢇSKtDꢀ  
WUѭӟFꢀVRꢀYӟLꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢀ0777ꢂꢍ  
ĈӕLꢀFKLӃXꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀYӟLꢀNӃWꢀTXҧꢀSKүXꢀ  
WKXұWꢀÿӇꢀWtQKꢀVӕꢀEӋQKꢀQKkQꢀFyꢀNӃWꢀTXҧꢀGѭѫQJꢀ  
WtQKꢀWKұWꢂꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢀJLҧꢂꢀkPꢀWtQKꢀWKұWꢀYjꢀkPꢀ  
WtQKꢀJLҧꢂꢀWӯꢀÿyꢀOұSꢀEҧQJꢀꢊꢀ[ꢀꢊꢀÿӇꢀ[iFꢀÿӏQKꢀÿӝꢀ  
QKҥ\ꢂꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢂꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀEiRꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢂꢀ  
JLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀEiRꢀkPꢀWtQKꢂꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀFӫDꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀ  
WURQJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀFiFꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀ  
QӝLꢀWҥLꢀӣꢀWUҿꢀVѫꢀVLQKꢁ  
ꢄꢎꢆꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ :KLUOSRROꢀ Ojꢀ KuQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ FҳWꢀ  
QJDQJꢀFyꢀGҥQJꢀNKӕLꢀWUzQꢀJLҧPꢀkPꢂꢀQҵPꢀWUѭӟFꢀ  
FӝWꢀVӕQJꢀYjꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢀFKӫꢀEөQJꢀꢄĈ0&%ꢆꢂꢀPҥFꢀ  
WUHRꢀUXӝWꢀYjꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀ0777ꢀ[RҳQꢀTXDQKꢀÿӝQJꢀ  
PҥFKꢀ 0777ꢀ QҵPꢀ ӣꢀ YQJꢀ WUXQJꢀ WkPꢀ FӫDꢀ NKӕLꢀ  
WKHRꢀFKLӅXꢀNLPꢀÿӗQJꢀKӗꢀNKLꢀWUѭӧWꢀÿҫXꢀGzꢀWKHRꢀ  
KѭӟQJꢀÿҫXꢀ±ꢀFKkQꢂꢋ  
ꢄꢁꢂĈҥRꢂÿӭFꢂQJKLrQꢂFӭX  
ꢄꢏꢆꢀ KuQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ WƭQKꢀ PҥFKꢀ FӱDꢀ QҵPꢀ WUѭӟFꢀ Wiꢀ  
WUjQJꢀÿѭӧFꢀQKұQꢀGLӋQꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀEҵQJꢀFҩXꢀ  
WU~FꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀQҵPꢀWUѭӟFꢀWө\ꢀYjꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀKѭӟQJꢀ  
YӅꢀSKtDꢀUӕQꢀJDQꢂꢐ  
7K{QJꢀ WLQꢀ EӋQKꢀ QKkQꢀ WKDPꢀ JLDꢀ QJKLrQꢀ FӭXꢀ  
ÿѭӧFꢀJLӳꢀEtꢀPұWꢀYjꢀFKӍꢀVӱꢀGөQJꢀGjQKꢀFKRꢀPөFꢀ  
ÿtFKꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢂꢀNK{QJꢀJk\ꢀUDꢀҧQKꢀKѭӣQJꢀJuꢀÿӃQꢀ  
VӭFꢀNKӓHꢀYjꢀTXiꢀWUuQKꢀÿLӅXꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀEӋQKꢀQKkQꢁ  
TCNCYH 138 (2) - 2021  
ꢀꢁ  
7Ҥ3ꢀ&+Ëꢀ1*+,Ç1ꢀ&Ӭ8ꢀ<ꢀ+Ӑ&  
,,,ꢀꢁ.ӂ7ꢁ48Ҧ  
ꢂꢀꢁĈһFꢁÿLӇPꢁÿӕLꢁWѭӧQJꢁQJKLrQꢁFӭX  
7URQJꢀWKӡLꢀJLDQꢀWӯꢀWKiQJꢀꢁꢂꢀQăPꢀꢃꢁꢄꢅꢀÿӃQꢀWKiQJꢀꢁꢆꢀꢀQăPꢀꢃꢁꢃꢁꢀFyꢀꢃꢁꢀEӋQKꢀQKLꢀÿӫꢀWLrXꢀFKXҭQꢀOӵDꢀ  
FKӑQꢀÿѭӧFꢀÿѭDꢀYjRꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢇꢀYӟLꢀFiFꢀÿһFꢀÿLӇPꢀVDXꢈꢀWXәLꢀWUXQJꢀEuQKꢀꢄꢇꢉꢀ“ꢀꢁꢇꢅꢀQJj\ꢀꢊQKӓꢀQKҩWꢀOjꢀ  
ꢄꢀQJj\ꢇꢀOӟQꢀQKҩWꢀOjꢀꢂꢀQJj\ꢋꢇꢀFyꢀꢄꢃꢀWUҿꢀQDPꢀꢊꢌꢁꢍꢋꢇꢀꢎꢀWUҿꢀQӳꢀꢊꢂꢁꢍꢋꢏꢀ&iFꢀGӏꢀWұWꢀKD\ꢀJһSꢀOjꢀKӝLꢀFKӭQJꢀ  
'RZQꢀWKҩ\ꢀӣꢀꢉꢀWUҿꢀꢊꢄꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀFiFꢀWUҿꢀQj\ꢀÿӅXꢀÿѭӧFꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀVDXꢀSKүXꢀWKXұWꢀOjꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀ  
QKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢐꢀGӏꢀWұWꢀWLPꢀPҥFKꢀFyꢀꢃꢀWUҿꢀꢊꢄꢁꢍꢋꢐꢀGӏꢀWұWꢀWLrXꢀKyDꢀNKiFꢀFyꢀꢄꢀWUҿꢀꢊꢆꢍꢋꢏꢀꢄꢌꢀWUҿꢀꢊꢎꢁꢍꢋꢀFyꢀWULӋXꢀ  
FKӭQJꢀQ{QꢇꢀWURQJꢀÿyꢀꢄꢂꢀWUҿꢀQ{QꢀGӏFKꢀPұWꢀꢊꢅꢁꢍꢋꢏꢀ*KLꢀQKұQꢀꢄꢆꢀFDꢀꢊꢅꢆꢍꢋꢀFyꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWKHRꢀG}LꢀWҳFꢀ  
77%6ꢀWUѭӟFꢀVLQKꢏ  
ꢃꢀꢁ.ӃWꢁTXҧꢁSKүXꢁWKXұW  
&yꢀꢄꢆꢀWUҿꢀFyꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀVDXꢀSKүXꢀWKXұWꢀOjꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀꢊꢅꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀFyꢀꢆꢀWUҿꢀFyꢀ  
FKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀVDXꢀPәꢀOjꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQJRҥLꢀODLꢀꢊꢄꢆꢍꢋꢏ  
ĈһFꢀÿLӇPꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀEөQJꢀWURQJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀEҭPꢀVLQK  
%ҧQJꢁꢂꢀꢁĈһFꢁÿLӇPꢁKuQKꢁҧQKꢁFӫDꢁVLrXꢁkPꢄꢁ1ꢁ ꢁꢃꢅ  
+uQKꢁҧQK  
n
ꢆ
³+uQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´  
'ҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃS  
7ăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀUXӝW  
17  
17  
11  
15  
1
ꢎꢆ  
ꢎꢆ  
55  
75  
5
+ӛQJꢀWUjQJꢀ[ҽSꢇꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀNKt  
0jQJꢀQJăQꢀKRjQꢀWRjQ  
0jQJꢀQJăQꢀNK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQ  
+uQKꢀҧQKꢀWө\ꢀQKүQ  
1
5
2
ꢄꢁ  
5
'ҩXꢀKLӋXꢀ:KLUOSRRO  
1
%ҩWꢀWKѭӡQJꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀ0777  
1
5
%ҧQJꢀꢄꢀFKRꢀWKҩ\ꢀÿһFꢀÿLӇPꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀFӫDꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀәꢀEөQJꢏꢀ&yꢀꢄꢅꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀ  
ÿ{L´ꢀYjꢀꢄꢅꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀWKҩ\ꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢀꢊÿӅXꢀFKLӃPꢀꢎꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀFyꢀꢄꢄꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀFyꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀ  
WăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀUXӝWꢀꢊꢆꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀꢄꢆꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀWKҩ\ꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀNKtꢀWURQJꢀKӛQJꢀWUjQJꢀꢊꢅꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀꢄꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀ  
WKҩ\ꢀPjQJꢀQJăQꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢀꢊꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀꢄꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀWKҩ\ꢀPjQJꢀQJăQꢀNK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢀꢊꢆꢍꢋꢇꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWө\ꢀ  
QKүQꢀÿѭӧFꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀӣꢀꢃꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀꢊꢄꢁꢍꢋꢇꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀ:KLUOSRROꢀYjꢀEҩWꢀWKѭӡQJꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀ0777ꢀ  
TXDQꢀViWꢀÿѭӧFꢀӣꢀꢄꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀꢊꢆꢍꢋꢏꢀ.K{QJꢀJKLꢀQKұQꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀQjRꢀFyꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWƭQKꢀPҥFKꢀFӱDꢀ  
QҵPꢀWUѭӟFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢇꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀNuPꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢀKD\ꢀQDQJꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀÿ{Lꢏ  
ꢀꢀ  
TCNCYH 138 (2) - 2021  
7Ҥ3ꢀ&+Ëꢀ1*+,Ç1ꢀ&Ӭ8ꢀ<ꢀ+Ӑ&  
ꢀꢁꢂ*LiꢂWUӏꢂFӫDꢂVLrXꢂkPꢂWURQJꢂFKҭQꢂÿRiQꢂWҳFꢂ77%6ꢂGRꢂQJX\rQꢂQKkQꢂQӝLꢂWҥL  
%ҧQJꢂꢃꢁꢂ*LiꢂWUӏꢂFӫDꢂVLrXꢂkPꢂWURQJꢂFKҭQꢂÿRiQꢂWҳFꢂ77%6ꢂGRꢂQJX\rQꢂQKkQꢂQӝLꢂWҥL  
&KҭQꢂÿRiQ  
Ĉӝꢂ  
ĈӝꢂÿһFꢂ  
KLӋX  
339  
139  
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VDXꢂSKүXꢂWKXұW  
QKҥ\  
6LrXꢂkP  
&y  
.K{QJ  
³+uQKꢂ̻QKꢂEyQJꢂÿ{L´  
&y  
13  
2
ꢈ
ꢁꢂꢃꢄ  
ꢁꢂꢃꢄ  
ꢅꢆꢃꢆ  
ꢁꢂꢃꢄ  
25  
25  
ꢈꢇ  
ꢂꢇ  
ꢄꢂꢃꢅ  
ꢄꢂꢃꢅ  
ꢄꢉꢃꢄ  
ꢁꢂꢃꢄ  
ꢆꢆꢃꢆ  
ꢆꢆꢃꢆ  
ꢉꢉꢃꢉ  
ꢂꢇ  
ꢄꢇ  
ꢄꢇ  
ꢅꢇ  
ꢁꢇ  
.K{QJ  
1
'̽XꢂKL͟XꢂFKX\͛QꢂWL͗S  
&y  
13  
2
ꢈ
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1
7ăQJꢂQKXꢂÿͱQJꢂUXͱW  
&y  
ꢁ
3
2
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7
.͗WꢂOXͅQꢂFͿDꢂVLrXꢂkP  
7ҳFꢀQӝLꢀWҥL  
.K{QJꢀWҳFꢀQӝLꢀWҥL  
13  
2
2
3
%ҧQJꢀꢉꢀFKRꢀWKҩ\ꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀFiFꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀYjꢀNӃWꢀOXұQꢀFӫDꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀWURQJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀ  
WҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀӣꢀWUҿꢀVѫꢀVLQKꢀQKѭꢀVDXꢊꢀĈӝꢀQKҥ\ꢃꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀGѭѫQJꢀ  
WtQKꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢃꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀFӫDꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀOҫQꢀOѭӧWꢀOjꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢉꢅꢋꢃꢀꢄꢂꢃꢅꢋꢃꢀ  
ꢆꢆꢃꢆꢋꢃꢀꢄꢇꢋꢌꢀ'ҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢀFyꢀÿӝꢀQKҥ\ꢃꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀ  
ÿRiQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢃꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀOҫQꢀOѭӧWꢀOjꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢉꢅꢋꢃꢀꢄꢂꢃꢅꢋꢃꢀꢆꢆꢃꢆꢋꢃꢀꢄꢇꢋꢌꢀĈӝꢀQKҥ\ꢃꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢃꢀJLiꢀ  
WUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢃꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀFӫDꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀUXӝWꢀOҫQꢀ  
OѭӧWꢀOjꢀꢅꢆꢃꢆꢋꢃꢀꢈꢇꢋꢃꢀꢄꢉꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢉꢉꢃꢉꢋꢃꢀꢅꢇꢋꢌꢀĈӝꢀQKҥ\ꢃꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀ  
ÿRiQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢃꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀFӫDꢀNӃWꢀOXұQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀOҫQꢀOѭӧWꢀOjꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢂꢇꢋꢃꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢂꢇꢋꢃꢀꢁꢇꢋꢌ  
,9ꢁꢂ%¬1ꢂ/8Ұ1  
7ҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀEҭPꢀVLQKꢀꢍ77%6ꢎꢀOjꢀPӝWꢀWURQJꢀ  
QKӳQJꢀGӏꢀWұWꢀSKәꢀELӃQꢀQKҩWꢀӣꢀWUҿꢀVѫꢀVLQKꢌ1ꢀ7X\ꢀ  
ÿmꢀFyꢀQKLӅXꢀWLӃQꢀEӝꢀWURQJꢀOƭQKꢀYӵFꢀKӗLꢀVӭFꢀYjꢀ  
QJRҥLꢀNKRDꢀQKѭQJꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀYүQꢀOjꢀPӝWꢀWKiFKꢀ  
WKӭFꢀWURQJꢀÿLӅXꢀWUӏꢃꢀWURQJꢀÿyꢀFyꢀ\rXꢀFҫXꢀYӅꢀFKҭQꢀ  
ÿRiQꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀYjꢀNӏSꢀWKӡLꢌ11ꢀ&iFꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀJL~Sꢀ  
ÿӏQKꢀ KѭӟQJꢀ ÿӃQꢀ WҳFꢀ Wiꢀ WUjQJꢀ EDRꢀ JӗPꢀ ³KuQKꢀ  
ҧQKꢀ EyQJꢀ ÿ{L´ꢃꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ FKX\ӇQꢀ WLӃSꢀ Yjꢀ GҩXꢀ  
KLӋXꢀWăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀUXӝWꢀWUѭӟFꢀFKӛꢀWҳFꢌꢀ&iFꢀFKӍꢀ  
VӕꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀYӅꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀ  
WUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀWURQJꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFK~QJꢀW{LꢀFKRꢀ  
WKҩ\ꢀÿѭӧFꢀÿӝꢀQKҥ\ꢃꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀEiRꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢀ  
YjꢀÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀWѭѫQJꢀÿӕLꢀFDRꢀꢍꢁꢂꢃꢄꢋꢃꢀꢄꢂꢃꢅꢋꢃꢀ  
ꢄꢇꢋꢎꢃꢀQKѭQJꢀFyꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢀYjꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀEiRꢀ  
kPꢀWtQKꢀWKҩSꢀꢍꢉꢅꢋꢀYjꢀꢆꢆꢃꢆꢋꢎꢌꢀ7URQJꢀÿyꢃꢀYӟLꢀꢉꢀ  
FDꢀFyꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀQKѭQJꢀ  
NK{QJꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀÿѭӧFꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀWUrQꢀ  
VLrXꢀkPꢃꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀFyꢀWKӇꢀGRꢀWKӵFꢀKLӋQꢀVLrXꢀ  
kPꢀQJүXꢀQKLrQꢀQJD\ꢀVDXꢀNKLꢀWUҿꢀQ{QꢃꢀGRꢀÿһWꢀ  
ӕQJꢀWK{QJꢀGҥꢀGj\ꢀKRһFꢀGRꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀNK{QJꢀ  
KRjQꢀWRjQꢌꢀ7uQKꢀKXӕQJꢀVDLꢀOҫPꢀQj\ꢀUҩWꢀGӉꢀ[ҧ\ꢀ  
UDꢀ NKLꢀ QJѭӡLꢀ NKiPꢀ PҩWꢀ FҧQKꢀ JLiFꢀ KRһFꢀ FKӫꢀ  
TCNCYH 138 (2) - 2021  
ꢀꢁ  
7Ҥ3ꢀ&+Ëꢀ1*+,Ç1ꢀ&Ӭ8ꢀ<ꢀ+Ӑ&  
TXDQꢁꢀꢂꢃꢀꢄꢅꢀ&zQꢀYӟLꢀꢂꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀ  
EyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀQKѭQJꢀFyꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀVDXꢀPәꢀGRꢀWҳFꢀ  
77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQJRҥLꢀODLꢁꢀĈLӅXꢀÿyꢀOjꢀWҩWꢀ  
\ӃXꢃꢀEӣLꢀYuꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQJRҥLꢀODLꢀ  
QKѭꢀWө\ꢀQKүQꢃꢀGk\ꢀFKҵQJꢀ/DGG«ꢀÿӅXꢀJk\ꢀWuQKꢀ  
WUҥQJꢀWҳFꢀQJKӁQꢀPҥQꢀWtQKꢀYjꢀOjPꢀJLmQꢀGҥꢀGj\ꢀ±ꢀ  
WiꢀWUjQJꢀWUѭӟFꢀFKӛꢀWҳFꢁ  
ÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢀꢂꢈꢎꢃꢀ339ꢀ ꢀꢍꢅꢃꢍꢎꢃꢀ139ꢀ ꢀꢅꢅꢃꢅꢎꢃꢀ  
ÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀ ꢀꢏꢈꢎꢁꢀ'ҩXꢀKLӋXꢀQj\ꢀNK{QJꢀÿһFꢀ  
KLӋXꢀFKRꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢁꢀ1JRjLꢀUDꢃꢀELӇXꢀKLӋQꢀWăQJꢀ  
QKXꢀ ÿӝQJꢀ UXӝWꢀ NK{QJꢀ Fӕꢀ ÿӏQKꢀ Yuꢀ Fyꢀ WKӇꢀ WKD\ꢀ  
ÿәLꢀWKHRꢀWLӃQꢀWULӇQꢀFӫDꢀEӋQKꢃꢀꢂꢃꢀꢌꢀFNJQJꢀQKѭꢀFyꢀ  
WKӇꢀJһSꢀWURQJꢀPӝWꢀVӕꢀWuQKꢀKXӕQJꢀEuQKꢀWKѭӡQJꢀ  
QKѭQJꢀNK{QJꢀNpRꢀGjLꢁ15ꢀĈӗQJꢀWKӡLꢃꢀÿLӅXꢀNLӋQꢀ  
ÿӇꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀQj\ꢀFyꢀVӵꢀJҳQꢀNӃWꢀYӟLꢀ  
ELӇXꢀKLӋQꢀFӫDꢀJLmQꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀÿRҥQꢀJҫQꢀFNJQJꢀQKѭꢀ  
SKөꢀWKXӝFꢀYjRꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀFKӫꢀTXDQꢀFӫDꢀQJѭӡLꢀ  
NKiPꢀVLrXꢀkPꢁ  
'ҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢀFNJQJꢀOjꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFѫꢀ  
EҧQꢀWURQJꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀWҳFꢀQJKӁQꢀӕQJꢀWLrXꢀKyDꢀQyLꢀ  
FKXQJꢁꢀӢꢀWUҿꢀVѫꢀVLQKꢃꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀWKѭӡQJꢀTXDQꢀViWꢀ  
UҩWꢀWӕWꢀWӯꢀWKӵFꢀTXҧQꢀTXҧQꢀꢆꢀWkPꢀYӏꢀÿӃQꢀJyFꢀ7UHLW]ꢀ  
QKӡꢀVӱꢀGөQJꢀÿҫXꢀGzꢀWҫQꢀVӕꢀFDRꢀꢇ!ꢀꢄꢈꢀ0+]ꢉꢃꢀ  
FQJꢀYӟLꢀVӵꢀFҧLꢀWKLӋQꢀÿiQJꢀNӇꢀYӅꢀFKҩWꢀOѭӧQJꢀ  
KuQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ FӫDꢀ Pi\ꢀ VLrXꢀ kPꢃꢀ FKRꢀ QrQꢀ WKѭӡQJꢀ  
[iFꢀ ÿӏQKꢀ ÿѭӧFꢀ Yӏꢀ WUtꢀ WҳFꢀ ꢇYӏꢀ WUtꢀ FKX\ӇQꢀ WLӃSꢉꢀ ӣꢀ  
Wiꢀ WUjQJꢁ13ꢀ 1JRjLꢀ UDꢃꢀ KuQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ UXӝWꢀ [ҽSꢀ ꢇKӛQJꢀ  
WUjQJꢀKD\ꢀUXӝWꢀQRQꢉꢀVDXꢀFKӛꢀWҳFꢀFNJQJꢀÿѭӧFꢀVӱꢀ  
GөQJꢀÿӇꢀ[iFꢀQKұQꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀQj\ꢁ6ꢀ*LiꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀGҩXꢀ  
KLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢀWURQJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀ  
QJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀWURQJꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFӫDꢀFK~QJꢀ  
W{LꢀÿѭӧFꢀELӇXꢀKLӋQꢀYӟLꢀFiFꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀQKѭꢀVDXꢊꢀÿӝꢀ  
QKҥ\ꢀ ꢀꢋꢌꢃꢍꢎꢃꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢀ ꢀꢅꢏꢎꢃꢀ339 ꢍꢌꢃꢏꢎꢃꢀ  
139 ꢀ ꢐꢐꢃꢐꢎꢃꢀ ÿӝꢀ FKtQKꢀ [iFꢀ  ꢀ ꢍꢈꢎꢁꢀ 7UѭӡQJꢀ  
KӧSꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢃꢀELӇXꢀKLӋQꢀ[ҽSꢀUXӝWꢀ  
SKtDꢀVDXꢀUҩWꢀU}ꢀUjQJꢁꢀ1JѭӧFꢀOҥLꢃꢀNKLꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀ  
NK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢃꢀWuQKꢀWUҥQJꢀUXӝWꢀ[ҽSꢀSKtDꢀVDXꢀ  
SKөꢀWKXӝFꢀQKLӅXꢀYjRꢀPӭFꢀÿӝꢀWK{QJꢀWKѭѫQJꢀYjꢀ  
ӣꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀKҽSꢀQKҽꢃꢀKӛQJꢀWUjQJꢀYjꢀKӗLꢀWUjQJꢀ  
WKѭӡQJꢀFyꢀNKҭXꢀNtQKꢀEuQKꢀWKѭӡQJꢁꢄꢂꢀ<ӃXꢀWӕꢀVѫꢀ  
VLQKꢀQRQꢀ\ӃXꢀꢆꢀVX\ꢀK{ꢀKҩSꢀFNJQJꢀOjꢀPӝWꢀNKҧꢀQăQJꢀ  
Jk\ꢀVDLꢀVyWꢀNKLꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀGҩXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀWLӃSꢃꢀFyꢀWKӇꢀ  
GүQꢀÿӃQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢀJLҧꢀNKLꢀÿiQKꢀJLiꢀGҩXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀ  
WLӃSꢀ QӃXꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ EyQJꢀ ÿ{Lꢀ NK{QJꢀ U}ꢀ UjQJꢀ ӣꢀ  
WUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀFyꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀWKұWꢀVӵꢁꢂꢀ&ҫQꢀWKӯDꢀ  
QKұQꢀFiFꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQJRҥLꢀODLꢀQKѭꢀWө\ꢀQKүQꢃꢀ  
Gk\ꢀFKҵQJꢀ/DGGꢀFNJQJꢀÿӅXꢀFyꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀFKX\ӇQꢀ  
WLӃSꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀWҥLꢀYӏꢀWUtꢀWҳFꢀQJKӁQꢁ  
7ҳFꢀ 77%6ꢀ GRꢀ QJX\rQꢀ QKkQꢀ QӝLꢀ WҥLꢀ ÿѭӧFꢀ  
[iFꢀQKұQꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀNKLꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀ  
ÿ{L´ꢀNqPꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀNKtꢀWURQJꢀKӛQJꢀWUjQJꢑꢀYӟLꢀ  
QKӳQJꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀNK{QJꢀKRjQꢀWRjQꢀ  
WKuꢀNӃWꢀOXұQꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀ  
NKLꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀNqPꢀORҥLꢀWUӯꢀFiFꢀ  
QJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀErQꢀQJRjLꢑꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀPjQJꢀQJăQꢀ  
KRjQꢀWRjQꢀKRһFꢀNK{QJꢀWRjQꢀWRjQꢀJL~SꢀFӫQJꢀFӕꢀ  
WKrPꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢁꢐꢃꢀꢏꢀĈLӅXꢀÿyꢀFyꢀQJKƭDꢀOjꢀFiFꢀ  
WUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀYjꢀ  
FiFꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀFyꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀEyQJꢀÿ{L´ꢀQKѭQJꢀ  
OҥLꢀWKҩ\ꢀÿѭӧFꢀFiFꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀÿӏQKꢀKѭӟQJꢀÿӃQꢀ  
QJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQJRҥLꢀODLꢀQKѭꢀKuQKꢀҧQKꢀWө\ꢀQKүQꢃꢀ  
EҩWꢀ WKѭӡQJꢀ Yӏꢀ WUtꢀ WƭQKꢀ PҥFKꢀ 0777ꢃꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ  
:KLUOSRROꢃꢀ WƭQKꢀ PҥFKꢀ FӱDꢀ WUѭӟFꢀ Wiꢀ WUjQJꢃꢀ KӝLꢀ  
FKӭQJꢀNuPꢀÿӝQJꢀPҥFKꢃꢀQDQJꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀÿ{LꢀÿӅXꢀ  
NK{QJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀÿѭӧFꢀOjꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀ  
QKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢃꢀÿӗQJꢀWKӡLꢀÿѭӧFꢀ[ӃSꢀFKXQJꢀYjRꢀ  
QKyPꢀNK{QJꢀFyꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀQKkQꢀQӝLꢀ  
WҥLꢀWUrQꢀVLrXꢀkPꢁꢀ1KѭꢀYұ\ꢃꢀWKHRꢀWLrXꢀFKXҭQꢀFKҭQꢀ  
ÿRiQꢃꢀVLrXꢀkPꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀGRꢀQJX\rQꢀ  
QKkQꢀQӝLꢀWҥLꢀFӫDꢀFK~QJꢀW{LꢀFyꢀÿӝꢀQKҥ\ꢀ ꢀꢋꢌꢃꢍꢎꢃꢀ  
ÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢀ ꢀꢌꢈꢎꢃꢀ339ꢀ ꢀꢋꢌꢃꢍꢎꢃꢀ139ꢀ ꢀꢌꢈꢎꢃꢀ  
ÿӝꢀFKtQKꢀ[iFꢀ ꢀꢋꢈꢎꢁꢀ1JKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFӫDꢀ&RKHQꢀ  
QăPꢀ ꢄꢒꢋꢍꢀ YӅꢀ VLrXꢀ kPꢀ Fyꢀ Kӛꢀ WUӧꢀ EѫPꢀ QѭӟFꢀ  
WURQJꢀFKҭQꢀÿRiQꢀWҳFꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀFyꢀÿӝꢀQKҥ\ꢀYjꢀÿһFꢀ  
KLӋXꢀUҩWꢀFDRꢀꢄꢈꢈꢎꢀYjꢀꢒꢒꢎꢃꢀYӟLꢀꢄꢄꢀWUѭӡQJꢀKӧSꢀ  
NKҧRꢀViWꢁ15ꢀ1JKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFӫDꢀ1JX\ӉQꢀ+ӳXꢀ&Ktꢀ  
QăPꢀꢅꢈꢄꢂꢀÿӅXꢀFKRꢀWKҩ\ꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀ³KuQKꢀҧQKꢀ  
EyQJꢀ ÿ{L´ꢃꢀ GҩXꢀ KLӋXꢀ FKX\ӇQꢀ WLӃSꢀ Yjꢀ NӃWꢀ OXұQꢀ  
VLrXꢀkPꢀYӅꢀWҳFꢀ77%6ꢀÿӅXꢀӣꢀPӭFꢀFDRꢀYӟLꢀÿӝꢀ  
+uQKꢀ ҧQKꢀ FXӝQꢀ [Ri\ꢀ FӫDꢀ GӏFKꢀ WURQJꢀ OzQJꢀ  
UXӝWꢀYjꢀWăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀFӫDꢀWKjQKꢀUXӝWꢀӣꢀWiꢀWUjQJꢀ  
WUѭӟFꢀFKӛꢀWҳFꢀOjꢀELӇXꢀKLӋQꢀFӫDꢀWăQJꢀQKXꢀÿӝQJꢀ  
UXӝWꢁꢀ*LiꢀWUӏꢀFӫDꢀGҩXꢀKLӋXꢀQj\ꢀWURQJꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀ  
FӫDꢀFK~QJꢀW{LꢀNKiꢀWKҩSꢀYӟLꢀÿӝꢀQKҥ\ꢀ ꢀꢏꢐꢃꢐꢎꢃꢀ  
ꢀꢁ  
TCNCYH 138 (2) - 2021  
7Ҥ3ꢀ&+Ëꢀ1*+,Ç1ꢀ&Ӭ8ꢀ<ꢀ+Ӑ&  
QKҥ\ꢁꢀÿӝꢀÿһFꢀKLӋXꢁꢀJLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀGѭѫQJꢀWtQKꢁꢀ  
JLiꢀWUӏꢀGӵꢀÿRiQꢀkPꢀWtQKꢀÿӅXꢀWUrQꢀꢂꢃꢄꢅ11ꢀ&iFꢀJLiꢀ  
WUӏꢀWURQJꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFӫDꢀFK~QJꢀW{LꢀWKҩSꢀKѫQꢀVRꢀ  
YӟLꢀQJKLrQꢀFӭXꢀFӫDꢀ1JX\ӉQꢀ+ӳXꢀ&KtꢀFyꢀOӁꢀOjꢀ  
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