Giáo trình English for industrial electricity

VIETNAM MARITIME ADMINISTRATON

MARITIME COLLEGE No. 1

ENGLISH

FOR INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICITY

COLLEGE LEVEL

(Issued in accordance with the decision No. ... QD / dated on ...... /........ /....

/2017 by the rector of Vietnam Maritime College No. 1)

HẢI PHÒNG, 2017

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, stored in retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,

recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written

permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied

in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright

law.

1

ACKNOWLEDMENTS

In any age, the industrial electricity plays an important role in daily life as well as in

production. Especially in modern society, in order to ensure all activities of factories,

company, workshops, etc. in good working condition, the industrial electricity isnot

impossible to exist. Therefore, the curriculum is designed to guide students of college

level to understand the most basic concepts of machineries, equipment for the industrial

electricity.

We would like to express our gratitude to the teachers of English Division and the

department of Electrical – Electronics Engineering who provided support, talked things

over, read, offered comments, allowed us to quote their remarks and assisted in the

editing, proof-reading and design.

We would like to thank the Board of rector, the Education section, the International Co-

operation and technology section for their positive contribution to the completing of this

course book.

Our thankful words are sent to our loved ones for their encouragement and assistance

during the process of designing this material.

We beg forgiveness of all those who have been with us over the course of the years and

whose names we have failed to mention.

Last but not least, we would like to thank for all who will send us any comments or

suggestion to improve this material because the shortcomings are inevitable during the

process of producing the material.

Any comments or suggestion, please send to the following e-mails:

1. phtqtkhcn@cdhh.edu.vn

2. dhye[email protected]du.vn

3. ntmthai@cdhh.edu.vn

Authors: Dang Thi Hoang Yen M.A

Nguyen Thi Minh Thai M.A

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

No.

1

Contents

Pages

Introduction

Table of contents

Contents

2

3

6

2

3

UNIT 1 CONDUCTORS, INSULATORS AND

SEMICONDUCTORS

1. Vocabulary

6

2. Language focus

Verbal phrases describe position and connection

Adverb clause of cause and result

3. Skills

10

3.1. Reading

12

14

17

18

21

3.2. Writing

3.3. Listening

3.4. Speaking

4. Practice

5. Requirements for assessment

UNIT 2. ELECTRIC MOTORS

1. Vocabulary

22

26

2. Language focus

Verbs describing component parts

Ways of describing of giving instructions

3. Skills

3.1. Reading

26

28

29

30

31

3.2. Writing

3.3. Listening

3.4. Speaking

4. Practice

3

5. Requirements for assessment

UNIT 3. ELECTRIC GENERATORS

1. Vocabulary

33

34

37

2. Language focus

Infinitive as an adverb of purpose

3. Skills

3.1. Reading

38

40

41

42

45

3.2. Writing

3.3. Listening

3.4. Speaking

4. Practice

5. Requirements for assessment

UNIT 4. TRANSFORMERS

1. Vocabulary

46

49

2. Language focus

Relative pronouns

Gerund

3. Skills

3.1. Reading

52

54

66

57

60

3.2. Writing

3.3. Listening

3.4. Speaking

4. Practice

5. Requirements for assessment

UNIT 5. CIRCUIT BREAKERS

1. Vocabulary

61

64

2. Language focus

Noun phrases

4

3. Skills

3.1. Reading

3.2. Writing

3.3. Listening

3.4. Speaking

4. Practice

65

68

69

70

71

5. Requirements for assessment

Glossary 1

73

74

90

Glossary 2

102

104

107

122

Glossary 3

5

6

7

Tapescripts

Answer key

References

5

UNIT 1

CONDUCTORS, INSULATORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS

Module Code: MĐ6520227.32.01

Introduction:

This unit gives an overview of English grammar about the verbal phrases

describing position and connection and adverb clause of cause and result and

vocabulary relating to conductors, insulators and semiconductors.

Objectives:

- Present the form of about the verbal phrases describing position and

connection and adverb clause of cause and result, name of conductors, insulators

and semiconductors; names of non – magnetic materials.

- Using verbal phrases and adverb clauses of cause and result to speak, listen,

read and write about various types of conductors, insulators and semiconductors;

about non – magnetic materials.

- Be aware of the importance of English to future occupation, essential

elements: correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in

communication and writing in English, the safety of working.

Main content:

1.Vocablary:

Vocabulary

battery

Speech Transcription

(n) /'bætəri/

Vietnamese meaning

pin, ắc qui

loại, hạng

phân loại

dẫn điện

category

classify

(n) /’kætəgri/

(v) /’klæsɪfaɪ/

(v) /kən’dʌkt/

(n) /kən’dʌktər /

(n) /’kɒpər /

conduct

conductor

copper

vật dẫn điện

đồng

electric current (n) /ɪ’lektrɪk ‘kʌrənt/

dòng điện

điện tử

electron

fall

(n) /ɪ’lektrɒn/

(v) /fɔ:l/

giảm

flow

(v) /fləʊ/

dòng

germanium

(n) /dʒə’meɪniəm/

chất giéc-ma-ni

6

insulate

insulator

magnet

(v) /’ɪnsjʊleɪt/

(n) /'insjuleitə/

(n) /ˈmæɡ.nət/

cách điện

vật cách điện

nam châm

vật liệu từ

magnet material(n) /ˈmæɡ.nət mə’tɪəriəl/

non-magnet material (n)

vật liệu không từ

măng gan

manganin

material

metal

(n) /’mæŋgənɪn/

(n) /mə’tɪəriəl/

(n) /’metəl/

vật liệu

kim loại

non-metal

path

(n) /nɒn’metəl/

(n) /pɑ:θ/

phi kim

đường dẫn điện

sứ

porcelain

rapidly

resistance

rise

(n) /’pɔ:səlɪn/

(adv) /’ræpɪdli/

(n) /rɪ’zɪstəns/

(v) /raɪz/

nhanh

điện trở

tăng

rubber

(n)

/’rʌbər/

cao su

semiconductor (n) /semikən’dʌktər/

substance (n) /’sʌbstəns/

temperature-sensing device (n)

bán dẫn

chất

/’temprətʃər - sensɪŋ - dɪ’vaɪs/

thiết bị cảm biến nhiệt

nhiệt điện trở

thermistor

(n) /’θɜ:mɪstə/

Task 1. Look at these pictures and label the words in the box with the numbers.

porcelain

rubber

silver

copper

carbon

silicon

7

……………………..

1

(Source: sznickelalloy.en.alibaba.com)

2

……………………..

(Source: https://www.bicycling.com)

(a)…………………

(b)…………………

3

(Source: http://daydiencadivi.info)

……………………..

4

(Source: http://www.thibidiphanan.com)

8

……………………..

5

(Source: https://thehub.lyft.com)

Task 2. Match the terms with their definitions.

A

B

1. An electric current

2. Conductors

a. are all insulators.

b. a metal which does not easily

release electrons.

3. Insulators

c. are midway between conductos and

insulators.

4. Semiconductors

5. Rubber, nylon, porcelain and air

6. Copper

d. a movement of free electrons

towards the positive end.

e. subtances which provide an easy

path for an electric current.

f. a chemical element – a soft reddish

brown metal used for making electric

wires.

7. Thermistor

g. a hard white shiny subtance, used

for making delicate cups, plates, bowl

and decorative objects.

8. Porcelain

9. Air

h. the space above the ground or that

is around things

i. a chemical element – existing in a

pure state as diamond.

10. Carbon

j. mixture of certain metallic oxides

.............................................................................................................................

9

2. Language focus:

2.1. Verbal phrases describing position and connection

When describing the position of a component or how it is connected in a circuit,

phrases of this pattern are used:

be + past participle + preposition

 The arm of the chair is located above the seat of the chair.

 The wheel of the chair are fastened to the base.

 The turning capacitor is connected across the coil.

 The semiconductor rectifier is mounted on the heat sink.

2.2. Adverb clause of cause and result.

- Since a diesel engine is a machine that produces power, it is called an

engine.

2.2.1. Adverb clause of cause

* Adverb clause of cause indicates the cause for which the action of the verb

is taken.

- Copper is used for cables because it is a good conductor.

* Adverb clause of cause will begin with conjunctions: because, since, as...

2.2.2. Adverb clause of result

* Adverb clause of result indicates the result for which the action of the verb

is taken.

- The flow of electrons through an insulator is very small, therefore it can be

ignored.

* Adverb clause of result will begin with conjunctions: Therefore, so... that,

...

- The engine is so expensive that we cannot buy it.

Task 3. Use connectives to complete the following sentences:

1. Silver, copper, gold, and aluminium are good conductors ._______ their

electrons are free to move.

2. Conductors are coated with plastic______plastic is an insulators.

10

3. Porcelain is a good insulators. _______it is used to cover a fuse.

4. _______ fiberglass doesnot release electrons easily, they are classified as

insulators.

5. We never use oil as a conductor_________it is an insulator.

6. Subtances with few free electron like air, wood, rubber, plastic, _____ are

called insulators. They can be used to prevent electricity from following

where it is not wanted.

7. A few subtances like carbon, silicon, and germanium are neither consulators

nor insulators, ________they are classed as semiconductors.

Task 4. Complete each sentence using an appropriate phrase from this list:

a. wound round

b. connected across

c. mounted on

d. wired to

e. located within

f. applied to

g. connected to

h. connected between

1. The lamps are _________ the

battery.

2. The core is _________ the pole

pieces.

3. The 27pF capacitor is _________ the

collector and the base.

4. The antenna is _________ the coil.

11

5. Feedback voltage is _______ the base

of the transistor through C1.

6. The rotor is ________ the shaft.

7. The coil is ______ its iron core.

8. The negative pole of the battery is

______ earth.

3. Skills

3.1. Reading: Conductors, Inductors and Semiconductors

The matter which can be used to make something is known as material. On the

basic of the behavior of material towards magnet they can be classified in two types.

They are magnetic materials and non - magnetic materials. If we connect a battery

across a body, there is a movement of free electrons towards the positive end. This

movement of electrons is an electric current. All materials can be classified into three

groups according to how readily they permit an electric current to flow. These are:

conductors, insulators and semiconductors.

In the first category are substances which provide an easy path for an electric

current. All metals are conductors however some metals do not conduct well.

Manganin, for example, is a poor conductor. Copper is a good conductor, therefore it

is widely used for cables. A non-metal which conducts well is carbon. Salt water is an

example of a liquid conductor.

A material which does not easily release electrons is called an insulator.

Rubber, nylon, porcelain and air are all insulators. There are no perfect insulators. All

insulators will allow some flow of electrons; however this can be ignored because the

flow they permit is so small.

12

Semiconductors are midway between conductors and insulators. Under certain

condition they allow a current to flow easily but under others they behave as

insulators. Germanium and silicon are semiconductors. Mixture of certain metallic

oxides also acts as semiconductors. These are known as thermistors. The resistance of

thermistors falls rapidly as their temperature rises. They are therefore used in

temperature - sensing devices.

Task 5. Are the following statements True or False?

Statements

True

False

1. Electrons flow from positive to negative.

............. .............

2. Copper provides an easy path for an electric current. ............. .............

3. All metals are good conductors.

4. All good conductors are metals.

5. Air is not a perfect insulator.

............. .............

6. Salt water is an example of a solid conductor.

7. There are no perfect insulators.

8. Semiconductors are midway between conductors and ............. .............

insulators.

Task 6. Answer the following questions.

1. What happens if we connect a battery across a body?

.............................................................................................................................

2. How many groups can all materials be classified into?

.............................................................................................................................

3. What are conductors?

.............................................................................................................................

4. Is copper an insulator?

.............................................................................................................................

5. Why is copper used for cables?

.............................................................................................................................

6. Name some insulators!

.............................................................................................................................

13

7. Is manganin a poor conductor?

.............................................................................................................................

8. What are known as thermistors?

.............................................................................................................................

9. Why does the resistance of themistors fall rapidly?

.............................................................................................................................

10. Where are thermistors used?

.............................................................................................................................

3.2 Writing

Task 7. Categorize the words under the two headings and writing each word into

the correct column.

silver

copper

mercury

rubber

gold

aluminium

dirty water

plastic

iron

steel brass

lead

bronze

glass

graphite

diamond

oil

concrete

air

fiberglass

pure water

porcelain

ceramic

asphalt

quartz

cotton

paper

wood (dry)

Conductors

Insulators

(provide easy path for an

electric current)

(does not release electrons

easily)

14

Task 8. Categorize the words under magnetic material and non – magnetic

material headings

metallic

iron powder

wood

metallic oxide

ferrit

ceramics

maganese

rubber

laminated steel

zinc

plastics

glass

gold

platinum

aluminum

Magnetic materials

Non – magnetic materials

(materials are attracted by

magnetic field)

(materials are not attracted

towards magnetic field)

Task 9. Complete the following sentences using suggested words.

1. All materials / classify / three groups.

...................................................................................................................

2. The flow / free electrons/ electric current.

........................................................................................................................

3. All insulators / permit / flow / electrons.

........................................................................................................................

15

4. Germanium / act / insulator / and / conductor.

......................................................................................................................

5. Mixtures of certain metallic oxides / know / thermistors.

........................................................................................................................

Task 10. Put questions for the underlined words

1. They are going to start work tomorrow.

...................................................................................................................

2. He usually goes to work at 6.00 o’clock every morning.

...................................................................................................................

3. No, I’m not. I am writing a report.

...................................................................................................................

4. Our ship is leaving Haiphong port for Saigon port.

...................................................................................................................

5. All materials can be classified into three groups.

...................................................................................................................

6. Manganin is a metal.

...................................................................................................................

7. All insulators permit some flow of electric electrons.

...................................................................................................................

8. Germanium sometimes act as an insulator and sometimes as a conductor.

...................................................................................................................

Task 11. Translate into English.

1. Tất cả kim loại là những chất dẫn điện.

...................................................................................................................

2. Đồng được sử dụng cho dây cáp vì nó là chất dẫn điện tốt.

...................................................................................................................

3. Chất cách điện là gì?

...................................................................................................................

4. Cao su được coi là chất cách điện.

16

...................................................................................................................

5. Nhiệt điện trở được sử dụng trong thiết bị cảm ứng nhiệt.

...................................................................................................................

3.3 Listening

Task 12. Listen and choose a correct word from the box to fill in the gap

freedom

atoms

forces

materials

nucleus

insulators

electrons

conductivity

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of (1)________to

move around. With some types of (2)________, such as metal, the outermost

(3)______ in the atoms are loosely bound that they chaotically move in the space

between the atoms of that material by nothing more than the influence of room –

temperature heat energy. Because these virtually unbound electrons are free to leave

their respective atoms and float around in the space between adjacent atoms, they are

often called free electrons.

In other types of materials such as glass, the atom’s electrons have very little freedom

to move around. While external (4)________such as physical rubbing can force some

of these electrons to leave their respective atoms and transfer to the atoms of another

material, they do not move between atoms within that material very easily.

This relative mobility of electrons within a material is known as electric (5)________.

Conductivity is determined by the types of (6)_______in a material (the number of

protons in each atom’s(7)_______, determining its chemical identity) and how the

atoms are linked together with one another. Materials with high electron mobility

(many free electrons) are called conductors, while materials with low electron

mobility (few or no free elcetrons) are called (8)_______.

3.4. Speaking

Task 13. Work in pairs and discuss about conductors, insulators and electron flow

Task 14. Work in pairs and make up dialoge using these cues:

1. A: Be/ copper/ good/ conductor?

B: …………..

A: What/ be/ copper/ use/ for?

B: …………..

2. A: Which group/ be/ rubber/ nylon/ porcelain/ air?

B: …………..

17

A: Why?

B: …………..

3. A: Be/ silicon/ conductor/ semiconductor?

B: …………..

A: Why?

B: …………..

4.Practice

Task 15. Circle the best answer.

11. Copper is a _______ conductor.

a. poor

c. good

b. bad

d. well

12. Copper is _______ for cables.

a. using

c. use

b. to use

d. used

13. Salt water is an example of a _______ conductor.

a. solid

c. salt

b. liquid

d. water

14. Under other conditions, _______ behave as insulators.

a. conductor

b. insulator

c. semiconductors

d. non-metal

15. Germanium ________ acts as an insulator and _______ acts as a conductor.

a. sometimes/ sometimes

c. sometimes/always

b. always/sometimes

d. always/always

Task 16. Read the TEXT once for the gist (overall idea) and then in detail.

Diodes

A diode is a semiconductor device which allows current to flow through it in only

one direction. Although a transistor is also a semiconductor device, it does not

operate the way a diode does. A diode is specificially made to allow current to

flow through it in only one direction. Some ways in which the diode can be used

are listed here:

18

A diode can be used as a rectifier that converts AC to DC for a power supply device.

Diodes can be used to seperate the signal from radio frequencies.

Diodes can be used as on/ off switch that controls current.

Although all diodes operate with the same general principle, there are different

types suited to different applications. For example, the following devices are best

used for the application noted:

Voltage regulation diode (Zener diode)

It is used to regulate voltage, by taking advantage of the fact that Zener diodes

tends to stabilize at a certain voltage when that volatge is applied in the opposite

direction.

Light emitting diode

This type of diode emits light when current flows through it in the forward direction.

Variable capacitance diode

The current does not flow when applying the voltage of the opposite direction to

the diode. In this condition, the diode has a capacitance like the capacitor. It is a

very small capacitance. The capacitance of the diode changes when changing

voltage. With the change of this capacitance, the frequency of the oscillator can be

changed.

Figure 1.1: Types of diode

19