Tóm tắt Luận án Researching the management of exploitation of road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT
LE HOAI LINH
RESEARCHING THE MANAGEMENT OF
EXPLOITATION OF ROAD TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY
MAJOR: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
CODE: 9580302
SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION
FOR DOCTOR OF ECONOMICS
HA NOI - 2020
The dissertation is completed at Ho Chi Minh city
University of Transport
SUPERVISORS:
1. Prof.Dr. Nguyen Dang Hac
2. Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dang Thi Xuan Mai
Reviewer 1:………………………………………
Reviewer 2:………………………………………
Reviewer 3:………………………………………
The dissertation will be defended to the university -
level Doctorate Committee at: Ho Chi Minh city
University of Transport
Time: ....................date ............ month...........
year........
The dissertation can be found at:
- Library of Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport
- The National Library
HA NOI - 2020
1
INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
Ho Chi Minh city is a unique city: near the coast, with many
internal canals; affected by semidiurnal tide; a built and
renovated city; high urbanization rate, leading to overpopulation
and too many vehicles. Urban road infrastructure has not caught
up with such rates, low public transport quality, creating the
pressure to technical transport infrastructure system, generating
congestion, flood, pollution, etc., arising maintenance fees,
decereasing efficiency of exploiting the maintenance.
The exploitation management system of road transport
infrastructure is still operated in traditional model, not
satisfying the demand of modern development in Ho Chi Minh
city.
Therefore, the topic on “Researching the management of
exploitation of road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi
Minh city” is becoming increasingly necessary in both
scientific and practical terms.
2. Research objectives
Basing on the theory and practical research on management
of exploitation of road transport infrastructure, assessment of
the management status of exploitation of road transport
infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh, this dissertation recommends
some groups of solution to improve management of exploitation
of road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city.
3. Research subjects and scopes
3.1. Research subjects: the management of exploitation of road
transport infrastructure in cities under the central government,
managed by People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh city which
authorizing to Department of Transport for management.
3.2. Research scopes
- Space and contents: the management of exploitation of
urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city,
comprehensive research on the management of exploitation of
urban road transport infrastructure.
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- Time: the actual status of the management of exploitation
of urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city in
phase 2012-2018; on the basis of "Adjusting the planning for
transportation development of Ho Chi Minh City to 2020,
vision after 2020", the thesis proposes solutions to complete the
management of exploitation of urban road transport
infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City.
5. Scientific and practical significance
- Scientific significance: systemizing, supplementing and
improving the theory basis of the management of exploitation
of urban road transport infrastructure.
- Practical significance: The dissertation analyses, evaluates
the actual situation of the exploitation management of urban
road transportation infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city in the
management perspective; evaluating the influence of factors on
the results of the management of exploitation of urban road
transport infrastructure through the average and standard
deviation. Proposing groups of feasible solutions to complete
the the management of exploitation of urban road transport
infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City.
6. Dissertation structure
Apart from the introduction and conclusion, list of
compositions, references, annexes, the dissertation consists of 4
chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of researches related to the
management of exploitation of urban road transport
infrastructure
Chapter 2: Rationale and theory in the management of
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure
Chapter 3: The actual status of the management of
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi
Minh City.
Chapter 4: Solutions to improve the management of
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi
Minh city.
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CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHES
RELATED TO THE EXPLOITATION MANAGEMENT
OF URBAN ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
1.1 Local researches
1.1.1 Concepts of the exploitation management of urban
road transport infrastructure
There are researches only focusing on researching on
management of exploitation of road and express ways, not
many of them focused on urban roads in particular cities such as
Ho Chi Minh city.
1.1.2 Viewpoints to define the content of management of
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure
1.1.2.1 Organizational management and traffic safety
assurance
Researches are only on traffic safety in general, not in urban
scale.
1.1.2.2 Capital management and capital creation in
exploitation
Studies are mainly on toll collection for road usage.
1.1.2.3 Road infrastructure maintenance management
Research on the management and maintenance of national
highways and motorways, not in depth research for urban roads.
1.1.2.4 Technical quality management of construction
All studies aimed at improving the quality management of
construction investment projects of urban road infrastructure.
1.1.3 Factors affecting the exploitation management of
urban road transport infrastructrure
1.1.3.1 Urban management mechanisms - policies
Focus on in-depth research on mechanisms and policies on
urban management (planning management; urban traffic
management, etc.).
1.1.3.2 Application of science and technology in exploitation
management
Research and apply science and technology in maintenance
of national highways and motorways, not yet research for urban
roads.
1.1.3.3 Investment in construction of road traffic infrastructure
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Refer mainly to the current status of investment capital
sources, not making research on how to attract investment
capital, create capital sources, especially urban road
infrastructure.
1.2 Overseas researches
1.2.1 Organizational management and traffic safety
assurance
Research on policies for sustainable development of road
transport, reducing traffic congestion, and ensuring traffic
safety.
1.2.2 Capital management and capital creation in
exploitation
Encourage the private sector to participate in road
maintenance projects, to diversify maintenance funding.
1.2.3 Road traffic infrastructure maintenance management
Research on road maintenance modalities in general based
on performance-based payment contracts and outcome, not yet
research for urban roads.
1.2.4 Urban transport planning
Mainly focusing on deep research of urban transport
planning, policies for sustainable development of urban
transport system.
1.3 Determine research gaps and research tasks of the
dissertation
1.3.1 Determination of research gaps
The research works only mentioned some of the contents of
exploitation management, did not fully go into the contents of
the exploitation management.
Research works for national highways, motorways, not
making deep research for typical urban roads such as in Ho Chi
Minh City.
1.3.2 Research task of the dissertation
- Systematize, supplement and complete the theoretical
basis, legal basis and practical basis for the work of exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure.
- Analyze and assess the current status of exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure in the
specific urban area of Ho Chi Minh City. Evaluating the
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shortcomings and limitations in terms of management such as:
Management model; Managing method; Mechanisms - policies
of training management; Science and technology application;
Maintenance budget. The consequences including: the technical
quality of projects is not guaranteed; traffic safety; invasions of
roadways, sidewalk; Urban flood, etc.
- Propose groups of solutions to improve the management
and exploitation urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi
Minh city.
CHAPTER 2: RATIONALE AND THEORY IN
MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
2.1 Road transport infrastructure
2.1.1 Definition of uraban road transport infrastructure
Urban road traffic transport is a system of urban traffic
technical infrastructure such as bridges, roads, underground
tunnels, stations - parking lots, maintenance stations, etc. and
supporting facilities, meeting the convenient and safe
requirements of people and goods transportation.
2.1.2 The components constituting the uraban road
transport infrastructure
The urban traffic traffic system is composed of: dynamic
traffic system and static traffic system.
2.1.3 Classification of road and urban road traffic systems
Management level: National highways, provincial roads,
district roads, commune roads, urban roads, specialized roads.
Functions: non-urban and urban roads.
Technical level: non-urban roads consisting of express ways,
roads from level 1 to VI.
2.1.4 Role of road transport infrastructure
Satisfy the demand of manufacturing and living of urban
residents; develop economy in the urban and suburb areas; set
the foundation to attract more investments.
2.2 Management of exploitation of urban road transport
infrastructure
2.2.1 Concept of management of exploitation of urban road
transport
6
Management of exploitation of urban road transport is the
management activity during the operation of construction
works, the impact of management owners to the exploitation, to
maintain the technical status, architectual space, maximize the
capacity, safety in exploitation, save maintenance and
management costs.
2.2.2 Urban road transport management decentralization
- The Department of Transport of a province/city: performs
the function of state management, authorizes the relevant units
to manage the exploitation, including: the national highway
system (authorized by the Ministry of Transport); provincial
and city road system; urban roads.
- People's Committee of districts: State management of
district, district, ward and commune road system. Authorizing
the Management Board for construction investment in the
district to manage the maintenance of the relevant roads.
2.2.3 Content of management of exploitation of urban road
transport
2.2.3.1 Technical management of urban road transport
construction
Technical document management; monitoring technical
status of the construction works; classification and evaluation of
construction works; registration documents and archives.
2.2.3.2 Management of operation activities
a. Plans to ensure transport safety, reduce congestion and
traffic accidents
The measurements to ensure the transport safety in
exploitation; solutions to settle the congestion, flood, accidents;
measurements to divide traffic directions upon arising incidents;
ensure the quality of roads’ surface, lighting systems, drainage
system, signal lights, etc. Monitoring the “serious locations” of
accidents and safety transport.
b. Management of solutions to protect construction works
and road safety barriers
- Protected subjects: all the construction works.
- Protected scale: the works on surface, in the air,
underground and road safety barriers.
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- Protection responsibility: all the competent authorities and
society.
c. Management of road transport infrastructure
Maintenance of road transport works: the obligations to
follow procedures, standards and other legal documents to
ensure the exploitation in quality, efficiency, longevity of the
works, etc.
Term for maintenance of road transport infrastructure: from
the handover of works to the termination of usage term.
Level of maintenance the works: as per the Decree No.
46/2015/NĐ-CP of Vietnam government regarding the quality
management of construction works.
Methods of managing the maintenance of urban road
transport works:
- Managing as per process (MBP): taking attention to the
procedure of each work; everyone understands clearly each
work and is authorized to perform their jobs.
- Managing as per target (MBO): taking attention to the final
outcome of the work; respecct the contracts, plans specified in
such contracts.
2.2.3.3 Management of cost and capital creation in construction
exploitation
a. Management of repair and maintenance cost and
operation cost: It is the management of direct costs used for
repair and maintenance and for management system to satisfy
the requirements of work exploitation operation.
- Method of determining the cost of works maintenance: The
method is determined by the estimate by volume and unit price;
The method is determined according to the percentage rate.
- Structure of construction maintenance costs: Expenses for
maintenance planning, regular - periodic - irregular inspections,
costs for preparing and managing maintenance records;
monitoring and repair of minor damage, determined by
percentage rate (%) compared with the cost of construction and
the cost of work equipment calculated by the investment capital
of works of the same level and type at the time maintenance
planning.
- Control maintenance costs: to be paid according to the
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estimate made and appraised before the maintenance. The
volume settlement work is under the control of the State Budget
and an independent audit.
b. Capital creation in exploitation management
Capital classification of management of exploitation of
urban transport infrastructure
- For state-owned works managed by the central
government, the capital for management and maintenance shall
be allocated from the central budget and other capital sources
according to the provisions of law.
- The works are managed by the locality, the capital is
allocated from the local budget, partly from the central
maintenance fund.
Management and use of capital for maintenance of urban
road transport infrastructure:
- Subjects eligible to use capital:
+ Performs three types of maintenance work: regular
maintenance; periodic maintenance; unexpected repairs.
+ Costs for management activities and for the inspection
system and other activities.
Plan on using, allocating and settling capital
- For centrally-managed works, the Ministry of Transport
shall make a plan and cost estimate and submit it to the National
Assembly for approval. Budgeting through the Ministry of
Finance and the State Budget.
- For construction systems of localities, including 2 capital
sources:
+ Funds allocated by the Central Government from capital
sources for work maintenance (Construction Maintenance
Fund).
+ Capital allocated by the local budget, the Department of
Transport (authorized subordinate units to act as investors)
prepares an estimate of costs for management and maintenance
urban road transport infrastrucure and transfers them to the
Department of Finance and submits them to the People's
Council of the city for consideration and approval.
Capital creation in exploitation
- Collection of operating fees (tolls)
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+ Works invested by state-budget capital, collecting road
using charges when inspecting vehicles, petrol and oil fees.
+ Investment works in the form of public-private
partnership: collecting fees to recover capital, including annual
investment and maintenance costs and management team
expenses, taxes, etc.
- Collecting other operating fees as permitted by law
Urban governments need to study to supplement capital
sources, in order to create good quality of urban roads, traffic
environment such as inner city traffic fees; charges for
environmental regeneration, pollution, and urban landscape
regeneration; management fee, etc.
2.3 Criteria for the evaluation of the exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure
2.3.1 The criteria for evaluation of the exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure
- Evaluation of technical management,
- Evaluation of maintenance work,
- Evaluation of traffic management and traffic safety
assurance,
- Evaluation of cost management,
- Evaluation of capital creation management.
2.3.2 The criteria for evaluation of the exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure
- Driving condition:
Table 2.3: Indicators for evaluating driving conditions
O/N
Criteria
Flatness (Ks)
Speed (Kv)
Formula
Details
Allowed roughness IRI (m/km)
Sgh
Ks =
1
Stt
Actual roughness IRI (m/km)
Actual average speed (km/h)
VTT
Kv =
2
3
VTK
Designed speed (km/h)
Actual traffic flow (vehicle/day-night)
NTT
Kn =
Traffic flow (Kn)
NTK
Design traffic flow (vehicle/day-night)
10
O/N
Criteria
Formula
Details
Estimate traffic accidents (cases)
Tdt
Ka =
4
Vehicle safety (Ka)
Passability(Kp)
Ttt
Actual traffic accidents (cases)
Actual passability (vehicle/h)
P
tt
Kp =
5
P
Designed passability (vehicle/h)
tk
- Technical requirements of road equipment: color, image, size,
quantity, type in accordance with international practice and the
condition of the equipment compared to design.
V
- Speed using performance: HVT
=
TT
x100%
Vqđ
In which: VTT : Actual speed (km/h)
Vqđ : Regulated speed (km/h)
n
n
= vsi
- Average exploitation time: Tbq =
T
i
1
1
i
In which: Tbq: Average exploitation time on route (h)
Si: Lengh of each route (km)
vi : Average speed of each route (km/h)
vqđ:Regulated speed of each route (km/h)
2.4 Factors affecting the management and management
costs of urban road transport infrastructure
2.4.1 Factors affecting the management and operation of
urban road transport infrastructure
Affecting factors
The objective factors
Subjective factors
Climate
changes
Urban
charact
eristics
People
awareness
Mechan
ism,
policies
Models –
Methods
Mainte
nance
fund
Science
and
technology
Figure 2.6: Factors influencing the exploitation
management of urban road transport infrastructure
11
2.4.2 Factors affecting the cost of management and
operation of urban road transport infrastructure
Affecting factors
The impact of
the work
quality on the
operating costs
Impacts of
changing
environmental
factors caused
by natural
Effects
timely arrangement
of funding for
maintenance
management
activities
of
not
The influence
of the model -
methods
of
and
management
disasters and
Figure 2.9: Factors influencing the cost of management and
operation of urban road transport infrastructure
2.5 Legal basis for the exploitation management of urban
road transport infrastructure
The legal documents related to the technical management of
the road system in general, the urban road transport
infrastructure in particular have basically been completed.
Decrees, Circulars and a number of other legal documents have
been issued by the Government, Ministries, and People's
Committees of localities, in accordance with local
characteristics. In which, Decree No. 46/2015/ND-CP dated
May 12, 2015 of the Government on quality management and
maintenance of construction works is the main legal basis of the
exploitation management of urban road transport infrastructure.
2.6 Practical basis for the exploitation management of
urban road transport infrastructure
2.6.1 Experience in managing and exploiting urban road
traffic works of some countries in the world
2.6.1.1. Experience of Korea
Korea socialized the exploitation management; Investor
selection through public bidding and evaluation scale; Promote
IT application in traffic organization management.
2.6.1.2. Experience of Singapore
In Singapore, to generate revenue for road maintenance, the
Government implements a toll collection policy with three types
of fees: road using fees; personal vehicle restriction fees and
traffic congestion charges.
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2.6.1.3. Experience of Japan
Applying performance and performance-based road
maintenance (PBC) contracts, through open bidding, entrusting
private contractors to do maintenance work, with local
authorities only perform state management functions.
2.6.2 Lessons learned about the exploitation management of
urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City
- Separate functions of state management and business
management in exploitation management.
- Selection of contractors for maintenance work through
competitive bidding.
- Apply MBO maintenance management method through
performance-based contracts and quality (PBC).
- Generate capital through road toll collection.
- Socialize the exploitation management of the road system,
through attracting the private economic sector.
- Strengthening the IT application of technical management
of road systems.
CHAPTER 3: THE STATUS OF THE MANAGEMENT
OF EXPLOITATION OF URBAN ROAD TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY
3.1 Overview of the road transport system in Ho Chi Minh
city
Roads are the main transport method; all the requirements
for evaluating the road transport do not satisfy the special city;
the city is inbalanced between indivual transport development
and transport infrastructure, creating certain pressure on the
urban road transport infrastructure system; the static transport
system does not satisfy the planning and usage.
3.2 Analysis and assessment of the current situation of the
exploitation management of urban road transport
infrastructrure in Ho Chi Minh City
3.2.1 Decentralization of the management of exploitation of
urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City
- Department of Transport is the stage management agency
managing the national ways; urban roads; the management level
spreads down to 04 sub-agencies which are urban transport
management and Sai Gon river tunnel management center.
13
- People committees of districts manage the pathways, some
routes in districts and alleys.
- The opeation center of anti-flood program manages the
water drainage.
The management levels are so complicated and hard to
indentify the duties and responsibilities.
3.2.2 Construction technical management
3.2.2.1 Technical document management
Document management is mainly manual, not applying
information technology, when the number of records increases,
there will be difficulties in managing and retrieving upon
needed.
3.2.2.2 Checking and monitoring the technical status of the
project
The patrol teams will inspect at of urban traffic management
zones; Ho Chi Minh City Ferry Bridge Construction Company
Limited; Saigon Traffic Construction Company Limited;
Investment and Construction Management Board, urban
management teams of districts, in coordination with the traffic
inspection force of the Department of Transport have fully
implemented, recorded damage but difficult to perform
maintenance work due to lack of capital.
3.2.2.3 Classification and assessment of technical status
Yearly, the urban transport management sectors,
construction management of districts will classify and evaluate
the construction technical status, making periodic reports of
constructions
that
cause
dangers
traffic,
making
recommendations for improvement, repair and maintenance.
But due to shortage of fund, it has been not very efficient.
3.2.2.4 Documents of registration and records
The constructions that are newly built, rennovated,
improved, repaired are all registered and recorded at sectors of
urban transport management and construction management of
districts; due to high amount of documents so they are
recoreded carelessly.
3.2.3 The management and operation organization
3.2.3.1 The plans for ensuring the traffic safety, reducing
congestion, flood and traffic accidents
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- The plan of directing the traffic lanes to reduce congestion:
they are done in some areas with high potential of congestion.
- Counting vehicles: they are done by Sai Gon transport
construction company limited (01 time/year or 02 times/years).
- Watching to ensure the traffic safety: they are done by
sectors of urban management. There are watching teams to stay
alert 24/24 to response quickly to emergency situations due to
natural disasters and other incidents.
- Monitoring and making analysis on traffic accidents,
traffic safety and flood: the sectors of urban transport
management, management center of Sai Gon river tunnel and
traffic patral teams regulary co-ordinated with police officers to
monitor, collect the information of traffic accidents, traffic
congestion; making periodic reports to Department of Transport
at every 5th date of the month.
3.2.3.2 Management of the method to protect the work and road
safety barriers
Department of Transport regularly co-ordinates with the
local authorities to set up landmarks; inspecting and checking,
handling with bad behaviors creating damages to the works,
traffic safety barriers, etc.
3.2.3.3 Management of maintenance activities
- Department of Transport carries out the activities of
maintaining the road, bridge systems, installing the lane
barriers, sign signals, light signals, etc. maintain the quality of
the works, ensuring the traffic safety.
- Carry out the activities to innovate the water drainage such
as: gas tunnel, water collection tool, gas tunnel lids, etc. to
broaden the water flow, reducing congestion by trash, etc.
3.2.4 The cost management and budget creation in
exploitation of urban roads
3.2.4.1. The cost management
As per the allocated budget, the management agencies will
make the cost estimate, present to Department of Transport for
verification and approval. The structure of the budget estimate
includes: costs for patrol activities – senitary; cost for regular
repair-maintenance; other unexpected costs.
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The management agencies will clarify the bid packages to
make the ground for the contract signing. The costs for patrol
activities – senitary will be identified 01 time for the whole
year, the payment will be made fairly for 12 months. The
relevant agencies will examnine the requirements for
Approval/Disapproval. The disapproved sections will be
deducted the costs and settled as per Decision No. 1460/QĐ-
UBND dated 27/3/2014 of People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh
City.
3.2.4.2. The reimbursement of BOT projects
Currently, in Ho Chi Minh city, there are 04 toll plazas in
BOT model, in which there is 01 plaza under management of
Ministry of Transport, the remaining 03 are managed by
People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City.
3.2.4.3. Inner-city traffic fees
Ho Chi Minh city has not applied collecting internal traffic
fees although such project has been proposed by Tien Phong
Technology J.S. Company to People’s Committee of Ho Chi
Minh City. However, such project has not been approved.
3.2.4.4. Collecting advertisement fees on buses
Department of Transport has organized the bidding to
exploit the advertisement activities on 2,082 buses, which is
divided into 4 bidding packages (3-year term) with total value
of VND700 billion. However, very few bidders attended such
bidding packages.
3.3 The drawbacks, limits of the management of
exploitation of urban road transport works in Ho Chi Minh
city
3.3.1 Drawbacks, limits of the management of exploitation
of urban road transport works in Ho Chi Minh city
3.3.1.1 The management model
The urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City
is invested and managed by many state management entities,
creating the complex in duties, responsibilities in management.
3.3.1.2 The management method
Apply process-based maintenance management (MPB),
which means paying attention to the implementation of each
work item, demonstrating the following shortcomings:
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- Maintenance: the maintenance activities are still regarded
as minor construction projects, creating waste.
- Quality control: The urban traffic management areas and
urban management teams of districts are responsible this (both
as the investor and for quality control), this is a big gap of
management.
- Traffic organization: there are still many shortcomings like
spreading responsibilities. There is no consistency in
management, operation and responsibility, leading to traffic
organization is always passive, causing congestion, loss and
traffic accidents.
3.3.1.3 Urban management mechanisms and policies
- Appropriateness and response of the policy: still too slow,
the document’s life cycle is short, not suitable to apply into
practice. Therefore, those documents cannot keep up with the
urban movement.
- Urban planning management: The management of urban
planning of Ho Chi Minh city is not appropriate, even there are
some wrongdoing actions such as planning of Thu Thiem new
uran areas. The responsibilities are of People’s Committee of
Ho Chi Minh city, the proposing agency is Department of
Planning and Architecture, Department of Construction, etc.
affecting the exploitation of urban roads.
- Urban order management: The urban management is
abandoned, wrongdoing action of invading the traffic paths,
pedestrian areas, invading the channel, creating water flow
congestion.
- The management of investment and construction of urban
road infrastructure: The investment policies still expose to
many issues, decreasing the attraction from potential resources.
Laws and relevant regulations are not complete, creating many
issues during the implementation.
3.3.1.4 The application of science and technology
- Road maintenance work is still manual and out of date.
- Application of new technological solutions in road
maintenance is slow and inconsistent.
- Legal system such as regulations, norm standards in the
application of new technology has been incomplete.
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3.3.1.5 The budget for maintenance
The budget for maintenance mobilized from the state budget
of the city and from Road maintenance fund from the central
government is not very stable; the budget allocation from the
central gorvenment is slow; the payment has to go through many
procedures; the disbursement process is slow; the city has not
actively studied the plans to collect the parking fees; path using;
urban internal vehicles etc. to increase the fund.
3.3.2 Consequences of the management and exploitation of
urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City
3.3.2.1 Technical quality of construction
There is a tendency to decline due to many reasons, causing
public opinion to question the management responsibilities.
3.3.2.2 Traffic congestion
Fast urbanization, booming overpopulation and personal
vehicles; public transportation is not appealing, the traffic
satisfaction is low, so traffic congestion is unevitable.
3.3.2.3 Invasion to traffic paths and pedestrian areas
The status of invasion to traffic paths and pedestrian areas
have been very complicated, the management is not efficient,
creating serious congestion.
3.3.2.4 Urban flood
Heavy rain, high tides of rivers create flood too many
internal routes, making the grounds, road surfaces and utilities
systems are damaged, decreased, affecting the exploitation
efficiency.
3.4 Analysis and evaluation of factors affecting the
management of exploitation urban road transport
constructions in Ho Chi Minh city
After researching and discussions with many experts, the
author indentify 31 factors affecting the management of
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure which are of
07 groups: mechanisms, policies; urban characteristics; model,
method of- exploitation management; science and technology
development, maintenance budget; consciousness of users and
impacts of climate change.
Likert ladder from 1 to 5 used to evaluate via 5 choices: (1)
not affecting, (2) very little affecting, (3) medium affecting, (4)
much affecting, and (5) very much affecting.
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The data is collected through issuing 200 votes, collecting
200 valid votes. The data after encryption is processed by the
SPSS20 software, the procedure includes: descriptive statistics,
assessing the confidence reliability of the scale through
Cronbach's Alpha; evaluate the average and standard deviation
of the scales.
Table 3.35: Result of average and standard deviation
of groups of factors
Standard Effect
Criteria
Sign Average
deviation
0.96
level
Urban characteristics
Impacts of climate change KH
Mechanisms, policies
Model, method of-
exploitation management
Science and technology
development
ĐT
3.41
3.47
3.04
5
4
7
6
0.92
0.82
CS
MH
3.15
3.82
0.83
0.62
1
CN
Maintenance budget
Consciousness of users
NV
NSD
3.62
3.67
0.92
0.75
2
3
CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE
MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION OF URBAN
ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
IN HO CHI MINH CITY
4.1 Viewpoint of perfecting the exploitation of urban road
transport infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh City
The transportation system of Ho Chi Minh City must comply
with specific urban mechanisms and policies through
Resolution No. 54/2017/QH14 dated November 24, 2017, while
developing a comprehensive and sustainable transportation
system.
4.2 The basis to propose the solutions
- The theoretical basis of factors affecting the results of the
exploitation management mentioned in Section 2.4 (Chapter 2).
- Based on the current status of the construction of the
exploitation of urban road transport infrastructure in Ho Chi
Minh City in Ho Chi Minh City.
- Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis
in Section 3.4
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