Research on state management for community-based tourism development in some Northwestern provinces of Vietnam

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Mở Hà Nội 72 (10/2020) 13-25

13

RESEARCH ON STATE MANAGEMENT

FOR COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

IN SOME NORTHWESTERN PROVINCES OF VIETNAM

Tran Thu Phuong^*

Date received the article: 3/4/2020

Date received the review results: 5/10/2020

Date published the article: 27/10/2020

Abstract: Community based tourism (CBT) development is a topic that is currently of in-

terest to many researchers and managers. In Vietnam, CBT was developed many years ago and

has been increasingly encouraged to develop. In that context, the study of state management

for community-based tourism development, especially at the provincial level, has a very im-

portant signiﬁcance. Although there have been some domestic and foreign studies on this topic,

however, so far, there has been no comprehensive study on state management activities for CBT

development in the North-western region. The objective of the paper is to propose a number of

solutions to improve the state management of CBT development in some Northwestern provinc-

es on the basis of analyzing the current state of CBT development management. Proposed solu-

tions are related to reforming the formulation of strategies, planning, CBT development plans;

perfecting policies, regulations related to CBT development, and strengthening the inspection,

examination of CBT development activities.

Keywords: State management, community-based tourism, Northwestern provinces.

1. Introduction

tourist area. This is an important strategic

area with great potential and advantages

for socio-economic development, nation-

al defense and security of the North and

the whole country. Northwest is also the

convergence of many unique tourism po-

tentials with typical characteristics of the

country and people of Vietnam. This is an

important feature attracting tourists, espe-

cially international ones.

The Northwestern region in this

study includes 4 provinces of Lai Chau,

Dien Bien, Son La and Hoa Binh. The re-

gion has a natural area of 3,741.6 km2,

accounting for 11.3% of the national area.

Thepopulationin2019was2,701,402peo-

ple, accounting for 2.8% of the country’s

population. According to “Master plan on

Vietnam’s tourism development to 2020,

a vision to 2030”, the Northwest belongs

to the Northern midland and mountainous

Along with the tourism develop-

ment of the country, in recent years,

* Faculty of Tourism, Hanoi Open University

14

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

tourism activities generally and commu-

nity-based tourism (CBT) particularly

in the Northwest have seen much pros-

perity, reﬂected in the growth of tourism

development index, tourism products and

tourism infrastructure. It can be aﬃrmed

that CBT development in the Northwest

recently has had many positive impacts,

contributing to the economy of the local

people.

for the Northwest and areas with sim-

ilar conditions [10-14]. The latter may

include: lack of strategic development

for the whole region, inadequate aware-

ness of CBT leading to incorrect policy

planning. Other reasons have also been

identiﬁed such as: lack of researches to

discover the typical ethnic cultural iden-

tity of the locality to build CBT prod-

ucts, poor tourism resource protection -

an important factor for building tourism

products, imbalance in the development

of economy and tourism, no adequate

support from the State in propaganda,

promotion and training human resources

in CBT activities, etc.

However, apart from the above

achievements, CBT development in the

Northwest has also revealed some lim-

itations, such as: little conservation and

promotion of indigenous cultural values

together with exploitation for tourism

activities. Many Northwestern products

CBT products are so similar with few

highlights to express the unique identi-

ty of the local community, making them

less attractive to tourists. CBT sites

have relatively similar operating mod-

els, developed on the basis of replication

of previous pilot ones. The inheritance

and lessons learned from the previous

models help them develop more, how-

ever, many places are still stereotyped,

not paying enough attention to working

on surveys and assessing the current

status of local tourism potential. In ad-

dition, the environmental conditions in

many CBT sites are not good enough to

receive tourists, especially those from

developed countries.

In general, most of the above rea-

sons are closely related to the role of state

management on CBT in the region. Up

to now, although there have been many

studies related to CBT development in

Northwest [1, 2, 8], there have not been

any studies nationally or internationally

about state management on CBT in the

region. This study focuses on assessing

the role and responsibility of state man-

agement for CBT development, analyz-

ing the successes and limitations as well

as proposing solutions to improve the

state management for CBT development

in some Northwestern provinces (Hoa

Binh, Son La, and Dien Bien).

2. Theoretical background, data

and research methodology

The cause of the above-mentioned

limitations can be both objective and

subjective. The former may include:

poor accessibility to tourist destina-

tions, lack of supportive policies from

the State. This has been also shown in

many domestic and international studies

* Theoretical background:

There have many diﬀerent concepts

of CBT, in this study, the concept of CBT

is regarded as a type of tourism which is

developed on the basis of the community’s

cultural values, managed, organized and

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

15

exploited by the community, and bringing

them beneﬁts (Tourism Law 2017)

assessment of state management activities

on CBT development.

Many studies on CBT have shown

that CBT sustainable development re-

quires the participation of all stakehold-

ers, in which the state plays an important

role. The State is the main subject in the

process of planning and implementing

strategies, plans, policies and laws on

tourism development in general and CBT

development in particular.

The questionnaires used were de-

signed in printed forms and online ones.

The survey started from March 2020, and

by the end of July 2020, 450 responses

had been collected from tourists, of which

400 responses from Hoa Binh, 288 from

Son La and 207 from Dien Bien (each

guest could make multiple selections). At

that time, Vietnam did not welcome any

international visitors due to Covid-19, so

all respondents were domestic tourists.

By the end of July 2020, 115 responses

had been collected from experts, 120 from

local communities (50 in Hoa Binh, 50 in

Son La and 20 in Dien Bien).

In this study, the state manage-

ment for CBT development is regarded

as the process in which the state uses

its management tools to inﬂuence CBT

development to achieve the tourism de-

velopment goals. State management for

CBT development includes: Developing

and implementing strategies, planning,

making plans for CBT development;

Issuing and implementing policies on

CBT development; Developing CBT hu-

man resource; State management units

for CBT, etc.

3. State management activities for

CBT development in some Northwest-

ern provinces

3.1. An overview of CBT develop-

ment in some Northwestern provinces

With the advantage of natural con-

ditions and diversiﬁed customs of ethnic

groups, CBT is paid much attention to fur-

ther develop in Northwestern provinces.

As of 2019, the total number of CBT sites

in Hoa Binh, Son La and Dien Bien was 42

(Hoa Binh: 22, Son La: 10 and Dien Bien:

10); the total number of households par-

ticipating in CBT activities was 290 (Hoa

Binh: 174, Son La: 63 and Dien Bien: 53).

Some typical sites are Giang Mo, Van

village, Lac village, Tong village, Ai vil-

lage (Hoa Binh), Hua Tat village, Bo vil-

lage, Hum village, Ngoc Chien (Son La),

Noong Bua, Co Mỵ, Ten, Uva, Pe Luong,

Phieng Lơi, Him Lam 2 (Dien Bien).

* Data and research methodology

Data sources for this research in-

clude secondary data and primary one.

The former includes documents, reports,

proposals, projects, statistics, etc. relat-

ed to CBT development in tourism state

management agencies at state and provin-

cial level.

The latter was collected through the

surveys conducted with CBT experts, lo-

cal communities and tourists, including:

current traﬃc infrastructure, tourism re-

sources tourism human resources, tour-

ism promotion, tourism environment,

local support policies for those involved

in CBT development, speciﬁc and overall

Regarding tourists, the number of

tourist arrivals to CBT sites is increasing.

16

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

Accordingly, it brings income for the com-

munity and contributes to the growth of

the locality’s total tourism revenue. Ac-

cording to reports from localities, the total

revenue from CBT of Hoa Binh in 2019

was 415 billion VND (accounting for 20%

of the province’s total tourism revenue)

with an average increase of about 30%/

year from 2015 to 2019. In other locali-

ties, there was also an increase in visitors,

revenue and employees related to CBT

(see table 1).

to hunger eradication and poverty reduc-

tion, creating new livelihoods for upland

people. However, besides these achieve-

ments, the development of CBT has also

revealed certain limitations, related to

the quality of tourism products, environ-

mental sanitation in CBT sites, human

resources quality, etc. The survey shows

that the importance of natural environ-

mental factors (wastewater, waste, etc.) is

assessed at 4.2/5, while the real value is

assessed at about 3.5/5 in 3 provinces; The

knowledge and skills of people participat-

ing in tourism activities are underestimat-

ed (Hoa Binh: 3.44/5, Son La: 3.3/5 and

Dien Bien: 3.1/5)

In general, the Northwest has been

exploiting its strengths to develop CBT.

The number of visitors to CBT villages

gradually increases. CBT has contributed

Table 1- Number of visitors and revenue from CBT in some Northwestern provinces,

2015-2019

Source: Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Northwestern provinces

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

17

With the above limitations, in gen-

eral, the satisfaction of tourists in 3 prov-

inces is not high (Hoa Binh: 3.72/5; Son

La: 3.69/5 and Dien Bien: 3.56/5).

content for CBT development is shown in

the plan, such as: Preserving the hamlets

and villages with unique cultural identi-

ties of ethnic groups in Hoa Binh province

to develop tourism products; Selecting

suitable hamlets and villages to receive

tourists, generating stable income for lo-

cal people.

The positive aspects, limitations and

unsustainable images of CBT develop-

ment mentioned above are to some extent

the results of state management for CBT

development, which are speciﬁcally con-

sidered in the following part.

On the basis of the approved plans,

Hoa Binh has developed and implemented

speciﬁc plans. Up to now, 100% of dis-

tricts and cities have approved and im-

plemented the local tourism development

project to 2020, with a vision to 2030. The

plan of developing Mai Chau national

tourist destination in year 2030 was ap-

proved according to Decision No. 1728 /

QD-UBND dated July 4, 2016).

3.2. Analysis of state management

for CBT development in some North-

western provinces of Vietnam

- Developing and implementing

plans, and planning related CBT in the

provinces

In Northwestern provinces, things

related to CBT development are often in-

corporated in the local tourism develop-

ment planning. Up to now, all 3 provinces

of Hoa Binh, Son La and Dien Bien have

had master plans for tourism develop-

ment. These plans play important roles in

orienting tourism development in locali-

ties [3-6].

In Son La, the master plan for

tourism development in Son La prov-

ince for the period of 2007-2015 and

orientations to 2020 was built in 2007.

Then, it was adjusted in 2014. CBT

development is one of the priorities in

tourism development orientation of the

province. Accordingly, CBT is oriented

to develop in 18 communes in 6 districts

and cities (Moc Chau, Van Ho, Son La

city, Quynh Nhai, Muong La, and Phu

Yen). Based on the approved planning,

Son La had many activities, one among

which is planning some key tourism de-

velopment areas, including CBT, such

as: Tourism development planning in

Son La hydropower reservoir area to

2020, vision to 2030, in which CBT de-

velopment was assigned in Luot village

(Ngoc Chien commune), Quyen village,

Bon village (Muong Chien commune,

Quynh Nhai district).

In 2014, Hoa Binh had “Master plan

for tourism development in Hoa Binh

province for the period of 2014-2020,

with a vision to 2030”. The plan was ap-

proved according to Decision No. 2060/

QD-UBND dated 11 December 2014. One

of the tourism development perspectives

given in the plan is to focus on developing

cultural tourism, eﬀectively exploiting the

values of cultural heritages and cultural

identities of ethnic groups, particularly

Muong to improve the speciﬁcity and orig-

inality of tourism products. This is consid-

ered as one of the important orientations

for CBT development in Hoa Binh. The

18

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

In 2008, Dien Bien had a Master

tiveness of the local government in state

management. Planning is an eﬀective

management tool in managing, investing

and controlling tourism development ac-

tivities. However, generally the content of

tourism planning has not focused on spec-

ifying objectives and orientation for CBT

development to promote the advantages

of each locality. The classiﬁcation among

strategies - planning-plans has not been

clearly stated leading to overlapping im-

plementation or incompatibility, especial-

ly in the ﬁeld of tourism investment.

plan for tourism development in Dien

Bien province until 2020 (Decision No.

150/ QD-UBND dated January 30, 2008).

For more than 10 years, there has not been

any modiﬁcations or new master plans.

The limitation in this plan is excluding

speciﬁc contents or goals for CBT devel-

opment. However, to orient the province’s

tourism development, Dien Bien issued

the resolution and tourism development

program to 2020, vision to 2030 Those

documents mention CBT development,

such as proposing mechanisms to support

and encourage CBT; building high quality

cultural villages to welcome tourists. Since

2015, Dien Bien has received 13 projects

for tourism development in general and

CBT in particular with a total capital of

71 billion VND, of which about 40 billion

VND is for infrastructure investment.

For experts, regarding developing

and implementing projects and plans re-

lated to CBT development in localities

(Figure 1), it shows that the highest scores

fall to A, B, D in Hoa Binh, which are

not at a good level. Besides, all 7 related

content in Hoa Binh receive higher points

than the 2 localities.

Master plans and tourism devel-

opment plans in localities show the ac-

Figure 1 - Building and implementing projects and plans related to CBT development in

some Northwestern provinces

Source: Survey conducted by author

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

19

- Implementing CBT development

policies

ing the ethnic cultural village to develop

Dien Bien tourism” in 2015. Accordingly,

10 villages are invested, and 8 villages are

upgraded to welcome tourists. The invest-

ment aims at building capability to receive

tourists. The total investment is 11 billion

VND, among which 415 million VND

is for tourism products promotion. After

the implementation period (2010-2015),

those policies have generally helped de-

velop CBT and thereby improve local

people’s living standards, contributing to

the preservation of ethnic cultural values.

The proposal “Preserving and developing

the culture of ethnic minorities in Dien

Bien associated with socio-economic de-

velopment from 2016 to 2020, orientated

to 2025” provides support in conserva-

tion for 03 - 05 traditional ethnic cultural

tourism villages. However, due to the lack

of resources, many villages have no lon-

ger received tourists with degradation of

equipment, infrastructure while the reve-

nue from tourism is not enough to make

it up.

In order to promote CBT develop-

ment, Northwestern provinces have actively

issued policies, which are present in resolu-

tions. Accordingly, apart from indirect poli-

cies related to assisting tourism development

including CBT (infrastructure, promotion,

etc.). The resolutions emphasize legal sup-

port for CBT development to improve the

living standard of ethnic minorities in the

provinces.

Concreting the resolutions, CBT

development policies in Son La province

were issued under resolution No. 22/2016/

NQ-HDND dated December 14, 2016 of

the Provincial People’s Committee to fund

CBT villages and households. As of De-

cember 2019, Son La had assisted 7 CBT

villages and 23 CBT households. This ex-

hibits the province’s eﬀorts towards CBT

development. However, after 3 years of de-

ployment, the disbursement was only 600

million VND, equal to 10% of local peo-

ple’s needs. The number of supported vil-

lages and households is limited, account-

ing for about 25% of those oriented to CBT

development in the planning. According to

Son La Department of Culture, Sports and

Tourism [7], the main reason comes from

low and insuﬃcient support, which is hard

for the locals to implement the prescribed

items, making it less attractive to the locals.

The disbursement procedure is so compli-

cated, and time - consuming, making it

hard for villages and households to access

loans.

Hoa Binh has not issued any specif-

ic policies directly related to CBT devel-

opment. However, support has been done

regularly (for musical performance teams

and CBT households). This support has

made it easier for CBT households to con-

serve, and promote the value of Muong

culture and develop CBT.

Table 2 presents the ideas collected

from experts on developing and issuing

CBT development policies in some North-

western provinces. Accordingly, Hoa Binh

is the highest rated and the lowest rated

one falls to Dien Bien. Particularly, the

capacity of human resource and its distri-

bution for CBT development in Dien Bien

is very low (2.76/5).

In Dien Bien, CBT development

policy was given in the Decision No.

1128/QD-UBND dated 20 September

2010 on approval of the proposal “Build-

20

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

Table 2 - Developing and implementing CBT development policies in some Northwestern

provinces

Source: Survey conducted by the author

- Training, fostering and developing

Human resources, promotion and cooper-

ation in CBT development

The training is primarily about technical

skills such as reception, tour guiding; op-

erating small-sized tourism accommoda-

tions; housekeeping, food preparing, etc.

Lecturing people are university faculties

in the Northwest or from Hanoi and ex-

perts from other institutions.

Together with investment in devel-

oping infrastructure and tourist engineer-

ing facilities, the Northwestern provinces

also focus on training and developing hu-

man resources for CBT development.

To improve capabilities of tourism

state management oﬃcers, Northwestern

provinces have actively integrated many

forms of training (in-place training, short-

term training, conferences, seminars, etc.).

Orientation on CBT human re-

sources is mentioned in the resolutions

of the Provincial Commission, the Peo-

ple’s Committee; Master plans for Tour-

ism development, etc. in all Northwestern

provinces. According to reports of North-

western provinces, many training courses

were held for CBT households. Between

2015 and 2019, each Northwest province

organized from 1-2 large training cours-

es (70-100 participants) and 2-3 small

training classes for CBT households on

average yearly. From 2016 to 2019, Son

La organized 05 tourism skill training

classes for CBT villages with a total of 75

participants, Hoa Binh organized about

10 classes, and Dien Bien had 5 classes.

All in all, for the past few years,

Northwestern provinces have been pro-

active in training and fostering human re-

sources related to CBT development. The

survey’s result with experts on training,

fostering and developing CBT human re-

sources in Northwestern provinces is pre-

sented on table 3. Accordingly, the lowest

one belongs to providing the statistics,

and evaluating the quality of CBT human

resources.

Table 3 - Training, fostering and develop-

ing CBT human resources in some North-

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

21

western provinces

Source: Survey conducted by the author

- State management structure for CBT development

Like other localities across the

In terms of human resources, North-

western Tourism management oﬃces have

only 5-7 members, which is insuﬃcient to

cover all of the duties in challenging situ-

ations.

country, for the last 15 years, state man-

agement structure for tourism of the

Northwest has had certain ﬂuctuations. In

2008, the provinces set up Departments

of Culture, Sports, and Tourism on the

basis of merging other departments and

units. After the merger, the Departments

of Culture, Sports, and Tourism became

a multi-sector management and opera-

tion unit, with a united structure from the

city level to the lower ones. By the year

2017, The Department of Culture, Sports

and Tourism had conducted innovation

and rearrangement in its structure at all

levels, in the direction of merging some

departments and units.

In general, as well as many other lo-

calities across the country, the instability

in the tourism management structure has

negatively inﬂuenced the development of

tourism in general and CBT in particular.

The state management on CBT is largely

about statistics with limited long-term vi-

sions in tourism development. CBT devel-

opment is quite special, involving many

factors, especially the empowerment of

the community, so no matter how the state

management is organized, the quality of

tourism staﬀ in these localities needs to be

further strengthened.

In all Northwestern Departments

of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, tourism

management oﬃces act as consulting

agencies, and all inspection tasks belong

to Departments’ inspectors. Tourism man-

agement oﬃces submit recommendations

to the Department Director in state man-

agement for all kinds of tourism develop-

ment.

The assessment from experts on

the state management structure for CBT

development is presented on table 4. Ac-

cordingly, the rated content is quite simi-

lar among 3 provinces.

22

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

Table 4 - State management structure for CBT development in some Northwestern

provinces

Source: Survey conducted by the author

- General assessment of the state

management for CBT development in

some Northwestern provinces

However, to some extent, concret-

izing and issuing policies for CBT man-

agement are incomplete and not timely

enough; Some policies are not suitable

for the local conditions, making it less

attractive for diﬀerent stakeholders to

participate in CBT. Objectives and spe-

ciﬁc standards for CBT development are

incomplete, leading to diﬃculties in im-

plementation, evaluation, and statistics of

CBT development, which act as the basis

for planning and adjusting CBT develop-

ment policies. In addition, CBT human

resources at all levels are weak in both

quantity and quality. Domestic and for-

eign cooperation activities about CBT

management and development are not

very eﬀective. Regarding inter-regional

and inner-regional collaboration in tour-

ism, many regional provinces focus heav-

ily on the growth of the province itself, no

clear linking and exploiting advantages of

the whole region.

In the past period, despite many

diﬃculties, the state management for

CBT development in the Northwestern

provinces has had considerable success.

Awareness of tourism and CBT develop-

ment has been enhanced. The provinc-

es have actively organized the guidance

on implementing legal documents of the

state for CBT, directing and implementing

quite eﬀectively policies, schemes, and

projects for CBT development. Tourism

planning including CBT development has

been paid with much intention. Despite

some defects, the planning is generally

consistent with local realities, which is the

important element to attract investments

and implement CBT projects.

Provinces have tried to improve

the capability of state structure ensuring

the eﬃciency and eﬀectiveness of state

management for tourism including CBT.

Tourism human resources training has

also been strengthened, facilitating local

people to improve their skills in tourism.

There are probably many reasons,

but from the provincial government, the

key ones are: (1) Awareness of CBT de-

velopment, the role of provincial gov-

ernment in directing and operating CBT

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

23

development is incomplete; (2) Coordi-

nation among sectors, agencies and de-

partments in localities in developing and

managing projects, planning related to

CBT; Developing and allocating invest-

ment resources; Checking and evaluating

policies related to CBT development are

not strict enough to utilize the strengths

of each body in developing and imple-

menting CBT projects, and planning (3)

The lack of eﬀective coordination among

Northwestern provincial governments in

managing tourism and CBT development

leads to overlapped investment, ineﬀec-

tiveness and failure in promoting the

strengths of each province.

development of localities in particular and

in the Northwest in general; 3) Improving

state management for CBT development

is to improve its eﬀectiveness and eﬃ-

ciency in view of the fact that Vietnam

tourism is oriented to become a leading

economic sector, and the industrial revo-

lution 4.0 is spreading; 4) Improving state

management for CBT development must

be based on experience in Vietnam and in

the world.

Secondly, continuing to raise aware-

ness of all stakeholders in tourism activi-

ties, including the local community about

CBT development; Emphasizing their

awareness about CBT’s role in enhancing

people’s lives, protecting the local cultural

values from the negative impacts of tour-

ism.

4. Solutions to improve state man-

agement for CBT development in some

Northwestern provinces of Vietnam

Thirdly, improving planning and

proposals related to CBT development in

association with changes in their content

and implementation methods; Reviewing,

developing or adjusting planning and pro-

posals must ensure the principles of CBT

development, being in line with the mar-

ket’s demands, CBT development trend,

and local features.

On the basis of Tourism Law 2017,

Vietnam tourism development strategy to

2030, Master plan for tourism develop-

ment in Vietnam to 2020 - vision to 2030,

CBT and tourism development orienta-

tions, and real conditions in Northwestern

provinces, the following solutions should

be applied for those provinces to develop

CBT, and gradually overcome the weak-

nesses in CBT and tourism state manage-

ment:

Fourthly, reviewing, and improv-

ing CBT development policies and regu-

lations in accordance with local realities,

ensuring sustainable CBT development;

Integrating CBT development regulations

and policies with those on new rural de-

velopment and others; Focusing on as-

sessing the impact of CBT development

assistance policies and regulations to

make them suitable with local features.

Firstly, in terms of viewpoints: 1)

Improving state management for CBT

development is associated with improv-

ing awareness and cognition on the role

of CBT to local tourism development; 2)

Improving state management for CBT de-

velopment is to optimally exploit tourism

potential, promote CBT development sus-

tainably contributing to life improvement,

poverty alleviation and socio-economy

Fifthly, strengthening tourism plan-

ning management, investing in tourism in-

24

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

frastructure; facilitating in terms of mech-

anism and policies to attract investment

for CBT development in the province;

development policies, and regulations;

strengthening inspection, supervision and

violations handling in CBT development,

etc. These solutions need to be done in

sync and divided into stages. CBT devel-

opment is considered to be suitable with

social trends, meeting the needs of tour-

ists to explore the unique ethnic culture.

However, for CBT development, besides

strengthening the eﬀectiveness and eﬃ-

ciency of state management, the commu-

nity should be aware of its role and respon-

sibilities when participating in tourism

activities. Apart from that, the community

must be together with state management

units protecting indigenous culture - the

core values of the community, because if

these values are not protected, we cannot

develop CBT properly and sustainably.

Sixthly, focusing on investment in

improving CBT service quality at CBT

sites; Strictly managing tourism resources,

developing detailed planning and plans,

ensuring the formation and exploitation

of tourism products (reasonable, unique),

improving the value of CBT products to

create the competitive advantage.

Seventhly, improving tourism pro-

motion, tied to the market, strengthening

the connection among Northwest prov-

inces in promoting tourism generally and

CBT particularly.

Eighthly, continuing to improve

state management structure for tourism

and CBT development in Northwest to

strengthen its eﬀectiveness and eﬃcien-

cy; Training human resources in tourism

and CBT management responding to the

new demand; Continuing reviewing and

implementing policies related to training,

fostering and developing CBT human re-

sources to improve its quality.

Reference:

1. ADB - Asian Development Bank (2003),

Serving and Maintaining: Improving public

administration in a competitive world, Na-

tional politics Publisher, Hanoi.

2. Do Thuy Mui (2016), Potential for sustain-

able development of community based tour-

ism in the Northwest: Current situation and

solutions, Tay Bac University.

5. Conclusion

Improving state management for

CBT development is an important re-

quirement to improve the eﬃciency of

CBT development in the market economy

and international integration. The article

analyzed the current status of state man-

agement for CBT development and pro-

posed a number of solutions to improve

it in some provinces in the Northwestern

region. Proposed solutions include: in-

novating strategic planning, tourism de-

velopment plan in general and CBT de-

velopment in particular; improving CBT

3. Khuong Thi Hong Nhung (2016), Imple-

menting policies of sustainable tourism de-

velopment, case study in Hoa Binh province,

Master’s thesis, Academy of Social Sciences.

4. Dien Bien Department of Culture, Sports

and Tourism (2008), Master plan on tourism

development of Dien Bien province in the pe-

riod to 2020.

5. Hoa Binh Department of Culture, Sports

and Tourism (2014), Master plan on tourism

development of Hoa Binh province for the pe-

riod 2014-2020, a vision to 2030.

Nghiên cứu trao đổi ● Research-Exchange of opinion

25

6. Hoa Binh Department of Culture, Sports

and Tourism (2017), Orientations and solu-

tions to build and develop sustainably the

community-based tourism in the Northwest.

nam., Seminar Proceedings, Mai Chau, Hoa

Binh.

10. Tek B. Dangi và Tazim Jamal (2016), “An

integrated approach to “sustainable commu-

nity-based tourism””, Sustainability (Switzer-

land). 8.

7. Son La Department of Culture, Sports and

Tourism (2014), Adjusting the master plan for

tourism development in Son La province to

2020, a vision to 2030.

11. Amman Abd Ghapar, Nor Ain Othman và

Salamiah Jamal (2015), “The Role of Govern-

ment on Community Resilient in the Homestay

Industry in Malaysia”, Tourism, Leisure and

Global Change. 2, tr. 8-10.

8. Son La Department of Culture, Sports and

Tourism (2019), Report on the results of com-

munity-based tourism development policies

and orientations in Son La province to 2020.

12. Andrea Giampiccoli, Sean Jugmohan và

Oliver Mtapuri (2015), “Characteristics and

Policies of Community- Based Tourism in the

Case of Jamaica”, tr. 45-70.

9. Institute for Tourism development and re-

search (2018), Community-based tourism

development policies and human resource

training for community-based tourism devel-

opment in Vietnam, Workshop proceedings,

Mai Chau, Hoa Binh.

13. Sharon Harwood (2010), “Planning for

Community Based Tourism in a Remote Loca-

tion”, Sustainability. 2, tr. 1909-1923.

10. Tek B. Dangi và Tazim Jamal (2016), “An

integrated approach to “sustainable commu-

nity-based tourism””, Sustainability (Switzer-

land). 8.

14. Ministry of Tourism and Entertainment -

Jamaica (2015), National Community Tourism

Policy and Strategy.

Author address: Faculty of Tourism - Hanoi

Open University

11. Amman Abd Ghapar, Nor Ain Othman và

Salamiah Jamal (2015), “The Role of Govern-

ment on Community Resilient in the Homestay

Industry in Malaysia”, Tourism, Leisure and

Global Change. 2, tr. 8-10.

Email: phuongtt@hou. edu.vn

12. Andrea Giampiccoli, Sean Jugmohan và

Oliver Mtapuri (2015), “Characteristics and

Policies of Community- Based Tourism in the

Case of Jamaica”, tr. 45-70.

13. Sharon Harwood (2010), “Planning for

Community Based Tourism in a Remote Loca-

tion”, Sustainability. 2, tr. 1909-1923.

14. Ministry Of Tourism and Entertainment -

Jamaica (2015), National Community Tourism

Policy and Strategy, chủ biên.

9. Tourism Development Research Institute

(2018), policy on development of Community

tourism and human resource training for the

development of Community tourism in Viet-