Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành - Chuyên ngành: Kỹ thuật lắp ráp, sửa chữa máy tính
UBND TỈNH HẢI PHÒNG
TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHIỆP HẢI PHÒNG
...................................................
GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH
Chuyên ngành: Kỹ thuật lắp ráp, sửa chữa máy tính
(Lưu hành nội bộ)
HẢI PHÒNG
Vị trí, tính chất của môn học:
- Vị trí: Môn học này là một trong các môn chung bắt buộc dành cho sinh
viên khoa Công nghệ thông tin hệ cao đẳng.
- Tính chất: Môn học này nhằm hình thành và phát triển các kỹ năng:
nghe, nói, đọc, viết tiếng Anh chuyên ngành công nghệ thông tin giúp cho sinh
viên phát triển năng lực sử dụng tiếng Anh chuyên ngành để đáp ứng yêu cầu
đòi hỏi của thị trường lao động trong quá trình hội nhập quốc tế.
Mục tiêu môn học:
- Về kiến thức:
+ Trình bày hệ thống thuật ngữ tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Công nghệ
thông tin;
+ Trình bày hệ thống kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản trong tiếng Anh chuyên
ngành Công nghệ thông tin.
- Về kỹ năng:
+ Đọc hiểu các tài liệu kỹ thuật đơn giản trong lĩnh vực Công nghệ
thông tin;
+ Nghe hiểu và giao tiếp cơ bản sử dụng tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Công
nghê thông tin trong môi trường làm việc tại doanh nghiệp;
+ Viết các đoạn văn đơn giản liên quan đến chuyên ngành Công nghệ
thông tin.
- Về năng lực tự chủ và trách nhiệm: Hình thành cho sinh viên thái độ
nghiêm túc, hăng say trong học tập.
Nội dung môn học
Nội dung tổng quát và phân phối thời gian:
Bài
Tên bài
Nội dung giảng dạy
- Computer applications
- Reading: What is a computer?
- Speaking: Your ideal computer system
- Grammar focus: Relative clauses
- Reading: Point and click!
- Writing: Describing your computer
screen
- Grammar focus: Requirements: need to,
have to, must, be + essential, critical
- Review Unit 1 & 2
Unit 1
Computers today
Unit 2
Unit 3
Devices
Revision 1 +
Progress 1
Software
- Progress test 1
- Reading: Operating systems
2
- Reading: Computer graphics
- Writing: Creating a home page with a
Web page editor
- Grammar focus: Conditional clauses
- Reading: Programming languages
- Writing: Describing C language
- Grammar focus: Infinitive constructions
Unit 4
Programming
Revision 2 +- Review Unit 3 & 4
- Progress test 2
Progress 2
- Reading: Security and privacy on the net.
Hackers!
- Mini project: designing a cybercafe
- Grammar focus: making predictions
- Final Review
Computers
tomorrow
Unit 5
Final Revision
MỤC LỤ
3
C
Unit 1: Computers today ............................................................................................5
READING..................................................................................................................7
Unit 2: Input/ output devices....................................................................................12
WARM UP...............................................................................................................12
READING................................................................................................................14
WRITING.................................................................................................................15
Unit 3: Software .......................................................................................................16
WARM UP...............................................................................................................16
READING................................................................................................................17
READING................................................................................................................20
WRITING.................................................................................................................22
Unit 4: Programming................................................................................................23
WARM UP...............................................................................................................23
READING................................................................................................................24
Unit 5: Computers tomorrow ...................................................................................27
WARM UP...............................................................................................................27
READING................................................................................................................28
4
TUYÊN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN
Tài liệu này thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên các nguồn thông tin có thể được
phép dùng nguyên bản hoặc trích dùng cho các mục đích về đào tạo và tham khảo.
Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc hoặc sử dụng với mục đích kinh
doanh thiếu lành mạnh sẽ bị nghiêm cấm.
Unit 1: Computers today
WARM UP: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
A. Computers have many applications in a many fields. Look at
these pictures of different situations and match them with text
1 to 4 below.
a
c
b
d
1 A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or
versatility which made it an integrated part in all business organizations. Computer
is used in business organizations for:
Payroll calculations
Budgeting
Sales analysis
Financial forecasting
Managing employees database
2 The computer has provided a lot of facilities in the education system.
The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE
(Computer Based Education).
CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
6
The computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of
computer students.
There are number of methods in which educational institutions can use
computer to educate the students.
It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis
is carried out on this basis.
3 Computers are widely used in Engineering purpose.
One of major areas is CAD (Computer aided design). That provides creation and
modification of images. Some fields are:
Structural Engineering - Requires stress and strain analysis for design of
Ships, Buildings, Budgets, Airplanes etc.
Industrial Engineering - Computers deal with design, implementation and
improvement of integrated systems of people, materials and equipments.
Architectural Engineering - Computers help in planning towns, designing
buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D
drawings.
4 Computers are largely used in defense. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons etc.
Military also employs computerized control systems. Some military areas where a
computer has been used are:
Missile Control
Military Communication
Military Operation and
Planning Smart Weapons
B. Match these captions with pictures above:
Learning with computers is very interesting
I can’t image how our company operates without computers everyday
This is the modernist computerized control missile
The engineer is working with new component
C. Discussion:
In small groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what
computers can do in this area.
7
Formula 1 cars
Factories
Entertainment
Hospitals
Useful words
Formula 1: racing car, car body, design, mechanical parts, electronic components,
engine speed
Entertainment: game, music, animated image, multimedia, encyclopedia
Factories: machinery, robot, production line, computer-aided manufacturing
software
Hospitals: medical personnel, database program, records, scanner, diagnose,
surgery
Useful constructions
Computers are used to …
A PC can also be used for …
Computers can help …/ make …/ control …/ store …/ keep … / provide … manage
… / give … / perform … / measure … / test … / provide access to …
READING
A. In group of four, finish the word puzzle of computer parts below.
8
B. Read the text and study the diagram below.
What is a computer?
9
Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in certain form, process
the data and give the results of the processing in a specific format as information.
Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer’s
memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of
instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on
the screen or in printed form.
Information in the form of data and programs in known as software, and the
electronic and mechanical parts that
make up a computer system are called
hardware. A standard computer system
consists of three main sections: the
central processing unit (CPU), the main
memory, and the peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component
is the central processing unit. Its function
is to execute program instructions and
coordinate the activities of all the other
units. In a way, it is the “brain” of the
computer. The main memory holds the
instructions and data which are currently
being processed by the CPU. The
peripherals are the physical units
attached to the computer. They include
storage devices and input/output devices.
Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both
data and programs. Disk devices are used to handle one or more floppy disks. Input
devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input
devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the
finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on
the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer, there are several ports into which we can plug a
wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machine, optical drives, and scanners.
These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the
configuration.
C. Use the information in the text and the diagram to help you match the
terms in the box with the appropriate explanation or definition below.
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a. software
e. hardware
b. peripheral devices
f. input g. port
c. monitor
h. output
d. USB
i. CPU
1. The brain of the computer
2. Physical parts that make up a computer system
3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system
4. The information which is presented to the computer
5. Results produced by a computer
6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU
7. Visual display unit
8. Small device used to store information.
9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which
an input/output device may be connected
GRAMMAR FOCUS: RELATIVE CLAUSES
A. Study these sentences:
1. The microprocessor is a chip.
2. The chip processes the information provided by software.
Both sentences refer to chip. We can link them by making sentences 2 a relative
clause:
The microprocessor is a chip which processes the information provided by
software.
The relative clause is in italics. Note that the chip in sentences 2 becomes which.
Study these other pairs of sentences and note how they are linked.
3. The teacher has just arrived.
4. The teacher is responsible for the computer centre.
3+4: The teacher who is responsible for the computer centre has just arrived.
B. Now link these sentences. Make the second sentences in each pair a
relative clause.
1. Virus is a destructive software.
This software causes damage to the data, the information or the hardware of
the computer.
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. A USB port is a gateway.
The gateway is used to connect all kinds of external devices to your
computer.
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………………………………………………………………………………..
3. A co-processor is a silicon chip.
The chip carries out mathematical operation at a very high speed.
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The megahertz is a unit of frequency.
The unit is used to measure processor speed.
………………………………………………………………………………..
5. A password is a secret word.
The word must be entered before access is given to a computer system.
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The gateway is a device.
The device is used to interconnect different types of networks.
……………………………………………………………………………….
SPEAKING: YOUR IDEA COMPUTER SYSTEM
A. Make notes about the features of the computer that you would like to
have
CPU: ……………………………
Speed: …………………………..
Minimum/maximum RAM: …………………..
Hard disk: ………………………
Monitor: ………………………..
Software: ……………………….
B. Now describe it to your
partner. Useful expressions
It has got …
It’s very fast. It runs at …
The standard RAM memory … and it is expandable
… The hard disk can hold …
I need a SuperVGA monitor because
… As for the Internet …
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Unit 2: Input/ output
devices
WARM UP
A. Interacting with your computer
Input devices are the pieces of hardware which allow us to enter information into
the computer, the most common are the keyboard and the mouse. We can also
interact with a computer by using one of these: a lightpen, a scanner, a trackball, a
graphics tablet, a joystick or a voice recognition device.
Look at the illustration and see if you can name them.
3……………………..
1……………………
2……………………
6………………….....
5……………………
4…………………...
B. About the keyboard
Look at the picture of PC-compatible keyboard below and identify these groups of
keys.
1. Alphanumeric keys: arranged in the same order as a typewriter.
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2. Function keys: used by various programs to instruct the PC to perform
specific tasks such as Save, Copy, Paste, Help, etc.
3. Numeric keypad: set of numeric or editing keys. The Num Kock key is used
to switch from numbers to editing functions.
4. Editing keys: cursor and other keys usually used within word processors to
page up and down in a long document or to edit text (using Insert or Delete
keys)
Match these descriptions with the names of keys on the right. Then find them
on the keyboard.
1. A long key at the bottom of the keyboard. Each time it is
arrow keys
pressed, it produces a blank space.
2. It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line. It is also
used to confirm commands.
3. It stops a program without losing the information from the
main memory. Sometimes, its use depends on the applications.
4. It works in combination with other keys to produce special
characters or specific actions.
return
caps lock
shift
tab
5. It removes the character on the left of the cursor or any selected
text.
6. It produces UPPER-CASE character.
7. It produces upper-case letters, but it does not affect numbers
and symbols.
escape
space bar
backspace
alt
8. It removes the cursor horizontally to the right for a fixed
number of spaces.
9. They are used to move the cursor, as an alternative to the mouse.
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READING
Point and click!
A computer mouse is an input device that is most often used with a personal
computer. Moving a mouse along a flat surface can move the on-screen cursor to
different items on the screen. Items can be moved or selected by pressing the
mouse buttons (called clicking).
It is called a computer mouse because of the wire that connects the mouse to the
computer. The people who designed the first computer mice thought that it looked
like the tail on a mouse. Today, many computer mice use wireless technology and
have no wire.
In 1964 Douglas Engelbart (1925-2013), a researcher at Stanford Research
Institute, wanted to find a way to make using computers easier. In those days,
computers were large and expensive. Using them was very hard because everything
had to be typed in by hand, and there was no way to alter things if you made a
mistake.
After studying and designing for a long time, Engelbart succeeded in inventing an
input device which he named 'XY index'.
At first, it needed two hands to use, but it was changed so that only one hand was
needed to use it. This model was more like the mouse that we use today. Xerox
Palo Alto Research introduced a GUI in 1981, using a mouse.
The mouse was used with Macintosh of Apple Inc. when it came out in 1984.
Microsoft Windows also used the mouse when it came out, so over time computer
mice became used with many computers. Modern mice have three buttons: left
button, right button, scroll button.
On most computers, the user can move the mouse to move the cursor in the same
direction. To choose something that is on the screen, the user can move the cursor
to it and "click" the left mouse button. The right mouse button is used to open
menus that are different depending on where the cursor is. The other mouse buttons
can do different things, depending on the software. Most mice have two buttons to
click.
Most mice also have a "scroll wheel"—a small wheel found between the two main
mouse buttons. The user can move the wheel back and forth to "scroll" through
things like a website or folder. "Scrolling" means moving the words or pictures up
15
or down on the screen, so another part of the page comes into view. The wheel can
also be pressed, to click it like another button.
Try to answer these questions:
1. Why it is called a computer mouse?
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Who invented the first computer mouse model?
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. How many buttons are there in a computer mouse normally?
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is the function of left mouse button?
………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Can the scroll wheel be pressed like another button on the mouse?
………………………………………………………………………………..
WRITING
What do you know about your computer screen which you are using? Write
100-150 words to describe it.
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Unit 3: Software
WARM UP
A. Look at the diagram. What are the functions of the operating system?
B. Read the text below and complete it with the phrases in the box
mouse
programs
computer
management
user
An operating system is a group of computer ……………….. that coordinates all
the activities among computer hardware devices. It is the first program loaded into
the computer by a boot program and remains in memory at all times. The basic
functions of an operating system are:
Booting the ………………..
Performs basic computer tasks, e.g. managing the various peripheral devices
such as ……………….., keyboard.
Provides a user interface, e.g. command line, graphical ………………..
interface (GUI)
Handles system resources such as computer's memory and sharing of the
central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or peripheral
devices.
Provides file ……………….. which refers to the way that the operating
system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves data.
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READING
Read the text and answer questions below.
Operating systems
Operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer you buy. Most people
use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to
upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most common operating
systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X,
and Linux.
Modern
operating
systems
use
a graphical
user
interface,
or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI lets you use your mouse to click
icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a
combination of graphics and text. Each operating system's GUI has a different look
and feel, so if you switch to a different operating system it may seem unfamiliar at
first. However, modern operating systems are designed to be easy to use, and most
of the basic principles are the same.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid- 1980s. Over the years,
there have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are
Windows 8 (released in 2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007).
Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most
popular operating system in the world.
If you're buying a new computer or are upgrading to a newer version of Windows,
you can choose from several different editions of Windows, such as Home
Premium, Professional, and Ultimate. You may need to do some research to decide
which edition is right for you.
Mac OS X
Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes preloaded on all
new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as OS X
(pronounced O-S Ten), and the specific versions include Yosemite (released in
2014), Mavericks (2013), Mountain Lion (2012), Lion (2011), and Snow Leopard
(2009). Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to
be run on servers.
operating systems market as of September 2014 - much lower than the percentage
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of Windows users (almost 90%). One reason for this is that Apple computers tend
to be more expensive. However, many people prefer the look and feel of Mac OS
X.
Linux
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which
means they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is
different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by
the company that owns it (Microsoft). The advantages of Linux are that it is free,
and there are many different distributions—or versions—you can choose from.
Each distribution has a different look and feel, and the most popular ones include
Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora.
Linux is named after Linus Torvalds, who created the Linux kernel in 1991.
The kernel is the computer code that is the central part of an operating system.
1. What does GUI mean?
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. When was Windows operating system created?
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Which version of Windows you are using now?
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is the name of the company created Mac OS?
………………………………………………………………………………..
Stats as of September 2014?
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What does open-source operating system mean?
………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What are the advantages of Linux?
………………………………………………………………………………..
GRAMMAR FOCUS: CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
A. Two types of conditional clauses
When you want to talk about a possible situation and its consequences, you use a
conditional sentence. Here, we examine two types of conditionals.
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First conditional (possible situation)
If A happens, B will happen.
(present simple), (will + verb)
E.g. If you click on the speaker icon, you’ll get a piece of dialogue from the movie.
In the main clause, we can also have modal (can, be able to), an imperative, or a
present tense verb.
Second conditional (unlikely situation)
If A happened, B would happen.
(past simple), (would + verb)
E.g. If I had money, I would invest in a multimedia upgrade kid.
Other modals (could, should, might, be able to) may appear in the main clause.
B. Read these sentences, then identify the tenses used in the if-clause and in
the main clause.
1. If you upgrade your PC, you’ll be able to run multimedia applications.
2. If the marketing manager had a multimedia system, she could make more
effective presentations.
C. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form.
1. If I (get) ………………. a sound card, I’ll be able to create my own music
with a MIDI.
2. If the system (have) ………………. a SuperVGA card, we would obtain a
better resolution.
3. You won’t be able to play CD-ROM disks if you (not have) ……………….
a CD-ROM drive.
4. If you (come) ………………. to the annual computer exhibition, you could
see the new Macs.
5. If I could afford it, I (buy) ………………. a multimedia PC.
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