Giáo trình English for ship engine repair
VIETNAM MARITIME ADMINISTRATON
MARITIME COLLEGE No. 1
ENGLISH FOR
SHIP ENGINE REPAIR
COLLEGE LEVEL
Issued in accordance with the decision No. ... QD / dated on ...... /........ /....
/2017 by the rector of Maritime College No. 1)
Năm 2017
1
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, stored in retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,
recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would first like to acknowledge the help of all our colleagues from the
English Faculty and Mechanical Engineering Department, especially the lecturers
such as Nguyen Duc Ca, Chu Huu Dan and Vu Huy Truong for their enthusiastical
collaboration and valuable contribution. They supported us greatly and were
always willing to assist us.
We wish to present our special thanks to the Board of rector, International
Co-operation and Science Technology Department for their positive comments and
suggestion to the completing of this textbook.
Our thankful words are sent to our loved ones for their encouragement and
assistance during the process of designing this material.
We beg forgiveness of all those who have been with us over the course of the
years and whose names we have failed to mention.
Last but not least, we would like to thank for all who will send us any further
comments or suggestion to improve this material because the shortcomings are
inevitable during the process of producing the material.
Any comments or suggestion, please send to the following e-mails:
2. ltthu@cdhh.edu.vn
Editor: Le Thi Thu M.A
3
INTRODUCTION
Ship engine repair technology is one of the important sectors for the maritime
industry and for Vietnam, a country with many seas and rivers . It also contributes
to the development of the country in general and the maritime industry in
particular.
Therefore, the textbook “English for ship engine repair” at the college level
is composed to provide students with basic Maritime English vocabulary,
advanced English grammar to meet the practical requirements for marine engine
repair job not only in Vietnam but also abroad.
The English textbook is compiled in accordance with the detailed syllabus of
the module for the college level at Maritime College Number one. The textbook
includes 05 units with a duration of 60 hours and the general structure of each unit
as follows:
1.Vocabulary
2. Language focus
3. Skills
4. Practice
5. Assessment
While compiling, editors have also used some maritime materials published
locally, abroad and through web-sites.
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No.
Contents
Pages
1
Acknowledgements
3
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
4
7
8
Table of contents
List of abbreviations
List of figures
Contents
9
10
11
Unit 1. Diesel Engine
1. Vocabulary: Main parts of a diesel engine
2. Language focus: Passive voice
2.1. Use
2.2. Form
2.3. Overview chart of passive voice
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Diesel Engine
3.2. Writing: Description of a Diesel Engine
3.3. Listening: Functions of main parts
3.4. Speaking: Main parts of a diesel engine and their functions
4. Practice
4.1. Further reading: principles of operation of a diesel engine
4.2. SMCP: AII/3.1 Propulsion system
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
23
Unit 2: Cylinders
1. Vocabulary: Component parts of a working cylinder
2. Language focus:
2.1. Adverb clauses of purpose
2.2. Gerund
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Cylinders
3.2. Writing: Description of cylinders
3.3. Listening: Cylinder head
3.4. Speaking: Cylinder arrangement
4. Practice
4.1. Further reading: Cylinder liner
5
4.2. Conversation: Working in the engine room at dry dock
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Unit 3: Pistons
34
1. Vocabulary: Basic parts and types of the pistons
2. Language focus: Relative clause
2.1. Definition
2.2. Use
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Pistons
3.2. Writing: Inspecting, maintaining, and replacing piston
rings and pistons
3.3. Listening: Piston skirt, piston rod and trunk piston
3.4. Speaking: Pistons and piston rings
4. Practice: Further reading: Piston rings
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
6. Written test
45
Unit 4: Crankshaft
1. Vocabulary: Types of crankshafts and their construction
2. Language focus: Infinitive as adverb of result
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Crankshaft
3.2. Listening: Crankshaft removal
3.3. Writing: Translate into English
3.4. Speaking: Crankshaft renewal
4. Practice
4.1. Further reading: Crankshaft, bearing, and piston inspection
4.2. Writing: Translate into English
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
53
Unit 5: Auxiliary Engines
1. Vocabulary: Types of auxiliary engines
2. Language focus: How to express the function of a thing
3. Skills
6
3.1. Reading : Auxiliary machinery
3.2. Writing: Uses of air compressors on ship
3.3. Listening: Air compressor assembly
3.4. Speaking: Functions of auxiliary engines
4. Practice: SMCP: Briefing on special machinery events and
repairs
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Unit 6: Repair Work
1. Vocabulary
65
1.1. Repair tools
1.2. Repair work
2. Language focus: Cause and effect
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Preparing the ship for dry-docking
3.2. Writing: Repair work
3.3. Listening: Test run
3.4. Speaking: Personal protective equipment
4. Practice: SMCP: Briefing on special machinery events and
repairs
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Reference
78
Appendices
79
90
Appendix 1. Glossary
Appendix 2. Picture dictionary
Appendix 3. Maintenance tools, parts of maintenance and 102
materials for marine use
139
146
161
Appendix 4. Word list
Appendix 5. Answer keys
Appendix 6. Table of irregular verbs
7
List of Abbreviations
Parts of speech
Abbreviations
adjective
adj.
adverb
auxiliary
adv.
aux.
conj.
n.
conjunction
noun
noun phrase
object
n phr
obj.
preposition
somebody
something
subject
prep.
sb
sth
subj.
v.
verb
verb + “-ing”
verb in past participle
verb phrase
V-ing
V-pp / PII
v phr
8
List of Figures
No.
Name
Pages
1.
Figure 1.1. Main running parts
13
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Figure 1.2. Main parts of a diesel engine
Figure 1.3. A cross-section of a four-stroke cycle engine
Figure 1.4. Main parts of a desel engine
Figure 1.5. Names of four strokes
14
15
16
17
22
26
28
30
Figure 2.1. Cylinder components
Figure 2.2. Removal of a cylinder liner
Figure 2.3. Cylinder arrangement
Figure 2.3. Lifting piston and cylinder liner of large
marine engine (Jib crane)
10. Figure 3.1. Parts of a piston
34
34
38
39
40
42
11. Figure 3.2. Parts of a piston
12. Figure 3.3. Pistons and piston rings
13. Figure 3.4. Piston rings commonly used on small engine
14. Figure 3.5. Parts of a piston
15. Figure 4.1. Crankshaft from an inline four-cylinder with
piston, connecting rods and flywheel
16. Figure 4.2. Các bộ phận cơ bản của trục khuỷu
17. Figure 5.1. Hand tools
42
53
54
55
56
18. Figure 5.2. Tools in a work shop
19. Figure 5.3. Illustration of many shipyard operations
20. Figure 5.4. Hard hat provides protection from falling
object
9
MODULE: ENGLISH FOR SHIP ENGINE REPAIR
Module title: English for Ship Engine Repair
Module Code: MĐ. 6520131.14
Module framework:
Pre-requisites: This module is taught in the first semester of the second school
year, after the completion of the first school year and acquires the basic knowledge
of English.
- Scope: This module is compulsory for students of marine engine repair job.
- Aims:
+ Provide students with advanced English grammar, vocabulary related to
ship engine repair in English.
+ Forms listening, speaking, reading, writing and communication skills in
English and creates confidence for the students using English for their future work.
Objectives:
After completing this module, students will be able to:
- For knowledge:
+ Describe how to form and use passive voice, infinitive verbs, relative clause
and adverb clause of purpose, cause and effect;
+ Present English vocabulary relating to the basic components of a diesel
engine, principles of operation of a diesel engine, pistons, cylinders, crankshafts,
types of marine auxiliary machinery, repair tools, personal protective equipment,
ship engine repair work;
- For skills:
+ Use vocabulary and grammar learnt to describe, listen, speak, read, write
about main parts of a diesel engine, principles of operation of a diesel engine,
classification and construction of pistons, cylinder arrangement, types of
crankshafts, types of marine auxiliary machinery, repair tools, personal protective
equipment, ship engine repair work;
- For attitudes:
+ receive awareness of the importance of learning English for work, essential
elements: correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in
communication and writing in English;
+ be capable of listening, speaking, reading, writing and communication in
English;
+ be self-controlled and confident to use these skills for future work.
Contents:
10
UNIT 1:
DIESEL ENGINE
Mã bài: MĐ. 6520131.14.01
Giới thiệu:
Bài học này nhằm trang bị cho học sinh ngữ pháp về cấu trúc bị động và từ
vựng chuyên ngành cơ bản liên quan đến các bộ phận chính của một động cơ
diesel.
Mục tiêu:
Sau khi học xong bài này, sinh viên có kiến thức và kỹ năng để:
- Trình bày được khái niệm cơ bản về động cơ Diesel, tên một số bộ phận cơ
bản của động cơ Diesel và nguyên lý hoạt động của động cơ.
- Sử dụng cấu trúc bị động và danh động từ và một số từ vựng đơn giản để
nói, viết về chức năng và mối liên quan của các bộ phận trong một động cơ Diesel;
- Ý thức tầm quan trọng của tiếng Anh chuyên ngành đối với nghề nghiệp
tương lai cũng như rèn luyện tính chính xác khi thực hành phát âm, nghe, nói, đọc,
viết và đàm thoại bằng tiếng Anh; Rèn luyện tính cẩn thận, tỉ mỉ khi tháo lắp các
chi tiết máy.
Nội dung chính:
1.Vocabulary: Main parts of a diesel engine
Speech
Vietnamese meaning
Transcription
Vocabulary
bearing
bedplate
/'beəriɳ/
n.
n.
n phr
ổ đỡ, bạc
bệ máy
buồng đốt
/ bed pleit/
/kəm'bʌstʃn
/'tʃeimbə/
combustion chamber
connecting rod
crank
crankcase
crankshaft
cylinder
/kə'nekti:ɳ rɔd/
/kræɳk/
/kræɳk keis/
/kræɳk ʃɑ:ft/
/'silində /
n phr
n.
n.
n.
n.
thanh truyền
khuỷu trục
các te
trục khuỷu
xy lanh
diesel engine
engine frame
exhaust valve
fuel injection pump
/'di:zl 'endʒin/
/'enʤin freim/
/ig'zɔ:st vælv/
/fjuəl in'ʤekʃn
pʌmp/
n phr
n phr
n phr
n phr
động cơ diesel
khung máy
xu páp xả
bơm cao áp
injector
/fjuəl in'ʤektə/
n phr
vòi phun
11
inlet valve
piston
/'inlet vælv/
/'pistən/
n.
n.
xu páp nạp
pít tông
piston rod
shaft
/'pistən rɔd/
/ʃɑ:ft/
n phr
n.
cần pít tông
trục
spray nozzle
static part
thrust bearing
/ sprei 'nɔzl/
/'stætik/
/θrʌst 'beəriɳ/
n phr
n phr chi tiết tĩnh
n phr ổ đỡ chặn
kim phun
Task 1. Look at the figure 1.1 and give Vietnamese meaning of the major
running parts.
Figure 1.1. Major running parts
machinery/71451-construction-materials-for-marine-diesel-engines/
Task 2. Match the word or phrase with its right picture.
crankcase
crankshaft
all types of valves
engine bearings
connecting rod
piston pins
piston rings
piston
injector
pushrods
a.
b.
12
c.
e.
d.
f.
h.
g.
i.
j.
Figure 1.2. Main parts of a diesel engine
2. Language focus: Passive voice
2.1. Use:
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
13
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do
not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes, a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the
following example shows:
Example: Piston rings of marine diesel engines are made of cast iron.
In this case, The fact is that “Piston rings of marine diesel engines are made
of cast iron “ but the fact does not mention anyone (e.g. You have made piston
rings.)
Be + past participle
2.2. Form:
Example:
Active: The engineers replaced all the piston rings.
Pasive: All the piston rings were replaced by the engineers.
Note: When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
sentence
- The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive
sentence (or is dropped)
2.3. Overview chart of passive voice
Subject
+ to be (conjugated) + past participle + rest of sentence
Simple present
The E/R floor is
Present continuous
The E/R floor is being
Simple past
cleaned
cleaned
every day.
at the moment.
yesterday.
The E/R floor was
cleaned
14
Subject
+ to be (conjugated) + past participle + rest of sentence
Past continuous
The E/R floor was being
Present perfect
cleaned
cleaned
cleaned
cleaned
this time last week.
since you left.
tomorrow.
The E/R floor has been
Future
The E/R floor will be
Modal verbs
The E/R floor must be
before PSC
arrives.
Task 3. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. The engine frame connects the cylinder block with the bed plate.
The cylinder block ………………………..…………………………………..…
2. They are checking the crack in the cylinder cover.
The fuel levels ……………….……………………………….……………..
3. The spray nozzle sprayed fuel into the cylinder in the form of fine mist.
Fuel ……... …………..…………………………………………………….
4. Will you replace all the piston rings?
All the piston rings....…………………………………………………………….
5. You have to draw out the piston No. 3 and cylinder No. 4 of the main engine.
The piston ………………..…………………..………………………………..
6. The shipyard workers have just assembled the engine pistons.
The engine pistons ………………..…………………..………………………
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Diesel engine
A Diesel engine is a type of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), which is
widely used for marine application, especially as a main engine on board ship.
There are several ways of classification of diesel engines and some of these
classifications are as follow:
- By cycle operation: 4-stroke engines, 2- stroke engines
- By method of charging air: Supercharged engines, non-supercharged engines
- By piston design: Crosshead engines, trunk piston engines
15
- By piston action: Single acting, double acting diesels
- By cylinder arrangement: In-line engines, V-type engines
- By speed ranges: Low speed diesels, medium speed diesels and high-speed
diesels
- By rotation direction: Reversible engines, irreversible engines
To compress the air, put in the oil and produce power. Every diesel must have
certain basic parts that include static and moving parts.
a. The main static parts
The main static parts of a diesel engine consist of a bedplate, main
The main moving parts
The main moving parts of a diesel engine consist of the following parts:
A piston which makes reciprocating motion in the bore of the cylinder to
make strokes. A piston consists of a piston crown and a piston skirt or piston body.
The piston crown carries 4 or 5 piston ring grooves for fitting piston rings.
The sliding of the piston is controlled by a crank mechanism that consists of:
- A round shaft which can turn in bearings and which has a crank (which turns
in a circle when the shaft revolves) and;
- A connecting rod which connects the crank to the piston rod and has
bearings at each end.
The crank mechanism converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the
rotary motion of the crankshaft.
The power produced by the engine is taken off the crankshaft.
c. Other parts
Mainly each cylinder head has two valves, one is suction valve and the other
is exhaust valve. Each cylinder has an individual injection pump which meters the
fuel and delivers it under high pressure to the spray nozzle which spray fuel into
the combustion chamber.
Of course, even the simplest diesel engine has other parts than those just
mentioned.
Task 4. Answer the following questions.
1. What type of engine is the diesel engine?
.………………………………………………………………………..
16
2. Name some static parts of a diesel engine!
...…………………..……………………………………………………
3. Name some moving parts of the diesel engine!
………………………………………………………………………
4. Where is a piston fitted?
………………………………………………………………………
5. What can a piston do?
………………………………………………………………………
6. What are component parts of a piston?
………………………………………………………………………
7. What controls the sliding of the piston?
………………………………………………………………………
8. What does a crank mechanism consist of?
………………………………………………………………………
9. What does the connecting rod do?
………………………………………………………………………
10. Why is an injection pump needed?
………………………………………………………………………
3.2 Writing: Description of a diesel engine
Task 5. Look at the figure 1.3 and complete a description of a diesel engine.
The engine is made up of a 1. ………. which moves up and down in a 2.
………. which is covered at the top by a 3. ………. ……….. The 4. ……….,
through which fuel enters the cylinder, is located in the cylinder head. The inlet
and 5. ………. valves are also housed in the cylinder head and held shut by
springs. The piston is joined to the 6. ………. by a gudgeon pin.
The bottom end or big end of the connecting rod is joined to the 7. ……….
which forms part of the crankshaft. With this assembly the linear up-and-down
movement of the piston is converted into rotary movement of the 8. ………..
The crankshaft is arranged to drive through gears the 9. ………., which either
directly or through pushrods operates rocker arms which open the 10. ………. and
exhaust valves. The camshaft is 'timed' to open the valves at the correct point in the
cycle. The crankshaft is surrounded by the 11. ………. and the engine framework
which supports the cylinders and houses the crankshaft bearings. The cylinder and
cylinder head are arranged with water 12. ………. around them.
3.3. Listening: Functions of main parts
Task 6. Listen and fill in the blanks.
Cylinder is the main body of 1. ………………… combustion engine. Cylinder
is a part in which the intake of fuel, compression of fuel and burning of fuel take
place. The main function of cylinder is to guide the 2. ………………... It is in direct
contact with the products of combustion so it must be cooled.
The top end of cylinder is closed by means of removable 3. ……………….
There are two holes or ports at the cylinder head, one for intake of fuel and other
for exhaust. Both the intake and 4. ……………. are closed by the two valves known
as inlet and exhaust valve.
The top end of cylinder is closed by means of removable cylinder head.
A piston is fitted to each 5. ………….. as a face to receive gas pressure and
transmit the thrust to the connecting rod. It is the prime mover in the engine. The
main 6. …………. of piston is to give tight seal to the cylinder through bore and
slide freely inside of cylinder.
A piston must be a fairly loose fit in the cylinder so it can move freely inside
the cylinder. If the piston is too tight fit, it would 7. ……………..as it got hot and
might stick tight in the cylinder and if it is too loose it would leaks the vapor
8………………. To provide a good sealing fit and less friction resistance between
the piston and cylinder, pistons are equipped with piston rings. These rings are
fitted in grooves which have been cut in the piston.
3.4. Speaking: Main parts of a diesel engine and their functions.
Task 7. Look at the figure and give the names of some main parts of a diesel
engine.
18
2
3
1
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 1.4. Main parts of a diesel engine
Task 8. Work in pairs and discuss about the functions of the main parts of a
diesel engine.
No.
Parts
Definition/Function
1. Connecting rod changes the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary
motion at crankshaft
transmits the power produced at piston to crankshaft
2. Crank shaft
3. Crosshead
4. Fuel injector
5. Fuel pump
6. Inlet valve &
Exhaust valve
(4-stroke)
7. Piston
8. Piston rings
4. Practice
4.1. Further reading: The principle of operation of a diesel engine
19
Figure 1.5. Names of four strokes
and-working-of-four-stroke-gasoline-engine
By cycle operation, diesel engines are classified into two- stroke engines and
four stroke cycle engines.
The two-stroke cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston or one
revolution of the crankshaft.
The four-stroke cycle is completed in four strokes of the piston, or two
revolutions of the crankshaft.
The four strokes of the piston are known as suction (intake or induction)
stroke, the compression stroke, the power (firing and expansion) stroke and the
exhaust stroke.
Suction stroke: The piston is moving downward from Top Dead Center
(TDC) to Bottom Dead Center (BDC). The suction valve has been opened and the
fresh air is drawn into cylinder and when the cylinder is full of the fresh air, the
suction valve will close.
Compression stroke: The piston is moving upward from BDC to TDC. Both
suction and exhaust valves are closed and the fresh air inside the cylinder is
compressed to a pressure of about over 100 bar and the temperature is about 500
degree Centigrade.
Power (Firing and expansion) stroke: The piston is moving downward from
TDC to BDC. Just before TDC, fuel is injected into the cylinder by the fuel
injector and then it is ignited by the hot air. The combustion gases inside the
cylinder expand and cause a strong force on the piston crown, driving it downward
thus turning the crankshaft. The exhaust valve will open before BDC.
Exhaust stroke: The piston is moving upwards from BDC to TDC. The
exhaust valve has been opened and the burnt gases are expelled out.
20
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