Blockchain application in authenticating high-school students’ transcript
Cong Hung Tran, Dien Tam Le, Hieu Le Ngoc, Thi Xuan Dinh Ho
BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN
AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL
STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
Cong Hung Tran(1), Dien Tam Le(2), Hieu Le Ngoc(3), Thi Xuan Dinh Ho(4)
(1) Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology
(2) Thu Duc Technology College
(3) Ho Chi Minh City Open University
(4) Saigon University
1
Abstract: After completing the High School program,
Keywords: Blockchain, IPFS, dApp, Ethereum, Smart
students are received school reports issued by the school
where they completed their high school program, and the
students get the hard copies of study reports (i.e.
certificates, degree, paper of academic transcripts).
Therefore, making fake transcripts for illegal purposes
can be done easily, quickly and at low cost. In this paper,
we propose a model of authenticating student-transcript
system based on Blockchain network. This proposal
system uses smart contracts to build a Private Blockchain
network based on Ethereum platform, to build
decentralized applications - Decentralized Application
(dApp), distributed file systems IPFS (Interplanetary File
System) .... with these will generate the hash value for
each transcript/scoreboard. The hash value of the
scoreboard file (file hash) will be stored on the
Blockchain network and used in the process of validating
the student's scoreboard/transcript quickly and
accurately, avoiding the fake scoreboard. With the testing
results of hundreds of transcript, that we can easily check
the transcript whether true or fake with 100% correction.
We can make sure of the accuracy of verification using
Blockchain and its application. The testing is still limited
but we can extend more, open a very potential perspective
of verifying students’ study result.
contract, high-school transcript.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Currently, student wants to enroll in vocational
schools, intermediate schools, colleges, ... or they want to
apply for a job in companies, enterprises they need to
back up the paper of transcript and related documents
together from the authentication of the local education
department of the government or School (where the
student's original transcript is issued) or a notary office
certifying the copy is valid. The process of backing up
and validating transcripts in traditional way as mentioned
above is a manual, complicated and time-wasting
process. In the process of authenticating the transcript in
the traditional way as mentioned above, the agencies and
organizations tasked with authentication may miss cases
of fake transcripts. At that time, those cases may have the
opportunity to use for illegal purposes. [1]
The use of Blockchain technology for the purpose
of storing transcripts will contribute to eliminating the
possibility of counterfeiting transcripts. Blockchain
technology helps to store distributed data and data stored
on the Blockchain network is almost impossible to
modify.
In this paper, we try to solve two main problems:
firstly, to build a Private Blockchain network based on
Contact author: Tran Cong Hung,
Email: [email protected]du.vn
Arrival: 04/2020, Revised: 04/2020, Accepted: 04/2020
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BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
Ethereum, using the POA - Proof of Authority consensus
protocol. The second is building a Decentralized
Application (dApp) that provides services and interfaces
for users to interact with the Blockchain network. The
content of the paper is divided into 6 sections: Part I –
introduction; Part II - the basic theoretical basis; Part III -
the related research works; Part IV - the proposed model
and Algorithms; Part V - experiments and results
assessment; Part VI - conclusions and recommendations.
Private Blockchain: This is a Blockchain system
established to facilitate the sharing and exchange of
private data of a group of individuals (within an
organization) or between multiple organizations. It is
also known as the Permissioned Blockchain because
users cannot arbitrarily access the system unless they
receive an invitation. For example, Ripple is a form of
Private Blockchain.
Consortium Blockchain: Nodes in the system are
predefined and responsible for consensus and
authentication of newly created blocks. To
authenticate blocks, a multi-signature system is used,
a block is considered valid when it is verified by the
signatures of the nodes in the system. For example,
banks or joint venture financial institutions will use
their own Blockchain.
II.
A.
BACKGROUND
Authentication - authenticate user data.
Authentication [2] is the act of authenticating an
object, incident, or someone to be trusted. Authentication
usually depends on one or more authentication factors to
prove it. Data validation is the process of determining the
origin and integrity of data. Data validation has two
elements: the authentication that you are receiving data
from the exact entity and the integrity of that data.
Blockchain characteristics
Decentralization - distributed data: Consensus
algorithms in Blockchain are used to maintain the
consistency of data in a distributed network.
Persistency - immutability: It is almost impossible to
delete or restore transactions once they are included
in the Blockchain.
B.
Blockchain concept
According to the "Mastering Bitcoin" edition of
Blockchain
author Antonopoulos, Blockchain is defined as a
technology that stores and transmits information by
blocks linked together by coding and extending over time.
Each block contains initialization information,
transaction information, and is linked to previous blocks
via hash information.
Anonymity - Privacy: Each user can interact with the
Blockchain with an address, without revealing the
user's identity. The information and data in
Blockchain chains are dispersed and absolutely safe,
only the holder of the Private Key can access that data.
Auditability - Transparency: Transactions can easily
be verified and monitored. Anyone can follow the
path of data in Blockchain from address to address
and can statistics the entire history on that address.
Consensus Algorithm Proof of Authority –
POA [4]
Classification
Based on several criteria, the Blockchain system is
divided into 3 main categories: [3]
C.
Figure 1: Classification of Blockchain system [3]
This algorithm selects nodes to verify transactions
Public Blockchain: A public Blockchain provides an
open platform for everyone and all organizations. All
participants are empowered to read, write data,
transact, perform checks or review any part of the
Blockchain system. The typical type of this
Blockchain system are cryptocurrencies. For
example: Bitcoin, Ethereum…
based on the reputation of nodes in the network, so it is
suitable for Private Blockchain. Nodes with high
reputation (authority) will be chosen as Miner nodes to
verify transactions. This will encourage network users to
maintain their reputation and limit illegal activities. PoA
can be considered as a variant of PoS in which reputation
plays a role as a deposit asset. However, because this
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Cong Hung Tran, Dien Tam Le, Hieu Le Ngoc, Thi Xuan Dinh Ho
model has the disadvantage of a decentralized model and
form of higher education systems. However, the
installation and implementation are not extensive and
only at the level of storing student credits by lecturers.
This is an article with a good idea and opens a lot of
prospects, especially showing the superiority of
Blockchain.
the validation rights belong to several selected nodes.
Therefore, the ability to entice reputable users to perform
illegal actions is possible.
D.
Ethereum - smart contract [5]
In 2015, the Ethereum Blockchain was born,
allowing decentralized applications and smart contracts
to operate on Blockchain. Ethereum can perform peer-to-
peer transactions (p2p) through a virtual currency unit
called Ether and is based on a PoW consensus
mechanism. To put it simply, Ethereum provides the
foundation for creating smart contracts and building
distributed applications.
In 2017, the article “ECBC: A High Performance
Educational Certificate Blockchain with Efficient Query”
[7] published in Springer magazine, author Yuqin Xu et
al. Proposed a digital education certificate (Educational
Certificate) based on Blockchain platform, called ECBC,
can be used as an infrastructure for educational
certificates, providing management and query services
for educational certificates. With the ECBC proposal in
this article, the experimental results do not include many
practical cases, but open a great potential in Blockchain
application to authenticate the user data, especially the
data. whether the degree, certification number.
Smart contracts were first proposed by Nick Szabo
in 1994. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with
terms agreed upon by the parties involved. The contract
is written in the form of program code that exists on a
decentralized blockchain network. Smart contracts allow
transactions to be conducted anonymously and allow
transactions between untrusted parties without the need
for a third party.
In the article "Implementation of Fingerprint-
Based Authentication System Using Blockchain" [8]
published in Springer Nature Singapore, in 2019, Dipti
Pawade and the authors built a fingerprint-based
biometric authentication system. Blockchain technology.
The article has opened many methods and solutions to
improve performance as well as accuracy and high
security.
Currently, Ethereum is one of the most popular
platforms for developing smart contracts. In Ethereum,
smart contracts are written in high-level languages such
as Solidity, Serpent, LLL ... then compiled into bytecode
for implementation on EVM. A Turing-complete virtual
machine called the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is
used to execute bytecode.
The article "Blockchain Architecture to Higher
Education Systems" [9] proposed
a
Blockchain
Solidity: is a procedural programming language
with syntax like JavaScript, C ++ or java. The most
common and commonly used language for writing smart
contracts is created by Gavin Wood.
architecture for e-Learning solutions in education
systems at a higher level. The proposed architecture
called the Proof of Educational Transcript System
(PETS) is evidence of the education transcript system.
The paper has not developed an experiment for the
system, but the application of Blockchain is potential and
opens many prospects in the education system.
III. RELATED WORKS
In 2018, based on the concept of European Credit
Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) - European
credit accumulation and conversion system - and
In the article "An Efficient Traceable and
Blockchain technology, the article “EduCTX:
A
Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Permissioned
Blockchain" [10], the author has designed an
authentication scheme that can look up the operation
history and anonymize authentication (without logging
in) with the Highly secure and efficient using the
blockchain-based higher education credit platform” [6]
proposed to develop a credit system for higher education
and named it EduCTX. The ECTX platform is initially
towards a more transparent and technologically advanced
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BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
Permissioned Blockchain network. The experimental
results show that the article has come up with a more
efficient authentication scheme than previous studies and
can be easily deployed in the Permissioned Blockchain
network. The article asserts that Blockchain technology
enhances the security and ability to authenticate users,
validating user data accurately and effectively.
o Server 3 (Node 3): Contributing to backup data of
the Blockchain network without participating in
the generation of the new block. Its backup
process verifies (verifies) whether the newly
received block is valid or not and updates the
newly received block into its own ledger data. It
will then broadcast the new block to the nodes
adjacent to it.
IV. PROPOSED MODEL
o Boot-Node (Discovery peers in the network):
Through this boot-node, nodes can join the Private
Blockchain network quickly. Boot-node has the
function of helping nodes in the peer network to
discover (search) each other. Nodes can have
dynamic IPs but the boot-node is usually run on a
static IP and thus acts like a public address where
the node will find the node connecting to itself.
Decentralized Application (dApp): These dApps are
applications built and operated outside the Blockchain
network. These dApps, including Web, Web service,
Wallet, Explore, will provide services and interfaces
for users to interact with the Blockchain network.
Building of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS):
Student transcripts in file format are managed and
stored on a distributed IPFS – a distributed file
system.
A.
Model description
Input: student's transcript file.
Output: the status of the transcript querying from
Blockchain network:
-
-
-
Transcript does not exist on the system.
Transcript already exists but not yet confirmed.
Transcript already exists and has been verified.
Figure 2: Overview model of the system
B.
Functions of the system
Building Blockchain network: to build a Private
Blockchain network using the Ethereum platform
with a minimum of 3 Node nodes. The consensus
protocol proposed for use in this blockchain network
is the Proof of Authority (POA for short).
Upload record function: allows updating, storing
information and status of transcripts on Blockchain
network.
Check record status function: allows checking the
status of the transcript on the Blockchain network.
View record function: allows you to view
information about the student's transcript.
Signup function: allows students to register student
information (e.g. Using student code) and add
teachers' Ethereum address to the Blockchain
network.
o Server 1 (Node1): Acting as the Ethereum Sealer
Node. In this model, we use the POA consensus
rule, so that all blocks are mined (sealed) by the
specified servers. Servers collect transactions,
execute them, update their status and sign blocks
using their private keys and use the public key to
identify themselves on the system. network.
o Server 2 (Node 2): functions like Server 1. Both of
these servers are involved in signing transactions
and contain a complete copy of the Blockchain
network.
C.
User roles in the system
The construction system has 4 roles of users,
including:
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Figure 4: The process of updating the transcripts.
Figure 3: Users and roles in the system.
Steps of the algorithm:
Admin: Admin has the highest role in the system,
managing and affecting all data of the Blockchain
network by using wallets to send transactions. Admin
has the right:
Step 1: The teacher uses a wallet to upload the
student's transcript as a file to Web Service.
Step 2: At the Web Service, the transcript will be
encrypted using the SHA256 encryption algorithm.
The result we get 1 hash value of that transcript file
(File Hash). At the same time, the transcript file is also
uploaded to the IPFS system. After successfully
uploading the IPFS system, the Web Server will
receive an Object which contains the IPFS code (IPFS
CID) and information about when the transcript file
was updated on the system (Timestamp). Web
Services will return to users including File Hash, IPFS
CID and Timestamp.
o Register to save new student code (Signup
student).
o Sign up to save the teacher's Ethereum address
(Signup Teacher).
o Verify student transcripts that exist in the
Blockchain network (Verify record).
o View the grades of any student (View record).
Teacher: The teacher has the right to add a new
student transcript to the Blockchain.
Student: Students have the right to see their own
points (View record).
Step 3: The user will save the information including
File Hash, IPFS CID and Timestamp in the smart
contract (Blockchain system) through the use of a
wallet to create transactions and send it to the smart
contract address with the method specified as
addGrade().
Other: are third parties outside the school system such
as employers, intermediate schools, vocational
training institutions…. The limited authority of Other
users is only to check the status of students' transcripts
on the Blockchain network (Check record).
Proposed algorithm
Step 4: After sending the transaction successfully, the
Blockchain system notices a hash segment called
Transaction Hash. With this hash we can check the
transaction information through Explorer.
D.
To approach the purpose of this paper, the proposed
algorithm contains 3 componential algorithms: algorithm
of updating record, algorithm of viewing record and
algorithm of checking status of record.
Algorithm 2: View record
Input: The hash value of the transcript (file hash) and
student code (StudentCode).
Algorithm 1: Update record
Input: Student transcript of the file.
Output: Include:
Output: The Transaction Hash code indicates that the
transcript was successfully updated.
o The IPFS path contains the URL record file.
o Information on student transcript (imformation
record) including date of updating the transcript
on the system, student code.
o Transcript status on Blockchain network.
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BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
Figure 6: Diagram showing the process of checking
transcripts status.
Steps of the algorithm:
Figure 5: Diagram showing the process of viewing
transcripts.
Steps of the algorithm:
Step 1: Other users send the score file as a file to a
Web Server.
Step 1: User sends the hash value of the transcript (file
hash) and student code (StudentCode) to the Web
Service.
Step 2: At the Web Service, the transcript will be
encrypted with 1 using SHA256 algorithm. The result
we get 1 hash value of that transcript (file hash). With
that hash file, Web Service via Web3.js to call the
checkGrade() function in the smart contract to check
the status of the transcript.
Step 2: After receiving the file hash and StudentCode,
Web Service via Web3.js to call get () function in the
smart contract. The smart contract will match the
StudentCode provided by the user with the
StudentCode stored on the system, and check if the
hash file of the transcript is corresponding to the
StudentCode. If the conditions are met, the smart
contract will return to the Web Service information
including the IPFS CID, the hash file, the information
of the transcript (Timestamp, StudentCode) and the
status of the transcript (status record).
Step 3: Return one of the following 3 states of the
transcript:
o Transcript does not exist if this hash file does not
match any hash file already stored in the
Blockchain system.
o A transcript already exists but has not been
authenticated if this hash file matches a hash file
stored in the Blockchain system, but the
corresponding scorecard has not been
authenticated by the Admin.
Step 3: With the results returned from the smart
contract, the Web Service will send to the IPFS
system and the system will return the URL containing
the transcript file (URL record), information of the
transcript (Timestamp, StudentCode) and status
record (status record).
o The transcript already exists and has been verified
if the hash file if the hash file matches a file that
has been stored in the Blockchain system and the
corresponding scorecard file that has been
authenticated by the Admin.
Algorithm 3: Check the status of transcript
Input: Student transcript in file format.
Output: The transcript status on the Blockchain
network system (does not exist, already exists but has
not been confirmed, already exists and has been
confirmed).
V.
EXPERIMENTS AND EVALUATION OF
RESULTS
A.
Experimental simulation environment
OS Ubuntu 18.04, Intel® Core ™ i7-8550U CPU @
1.80GHz, 8GB RAM.
Use the Docker tool (version 19.3.8) and Docker-
compose (version 1.21.2).
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Table 2: Experimental results with Case 1.
Smart contract is written in Solidity language on
framework as Truffle.
Student
ID
No.
Transcript
File hash
Result
NodeJS (version V10.19.0) and npm (version 6.14.3)
are used to build the Web Service.
31c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca97c51bf
245f5e9sdf42dsc4s4c4d6f6r6a6v656bxd9814vsf24756f2fv22c2576d
91hj7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca97c32q
9ca72c5fe079b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854c
52c5fe071359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854c8fc34f41
8fc34f41059e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca9 fe07kl
54ca97c51bf 31c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef798
9e35a52c5fe079854ca97c51bf 96598fc34f410c7484cef731c7b13235
410c7484cef79854ca97c51bf31c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f
359e35a52c5fe0731c7b13296598fc34f41054ca97c51bf c7484cef798
1
2
ms001
ms002
ms003
ms004
ms005
ms006
ms007
ms008
ms009
ms010
File1.pdf
File2.pdf
File3.pdf
File4.pdf
File5.pdf
File6.pdf
File7.pdf
File8.pdf
File9.pdf
File10.pdf
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
Use RPC (Remote Procedure Call) protocol and
format data in JSON format.
3
4
5
Use the Web3.js library to interact with the Private
Blockchain network.
6
7
8
For the Private Blockchain system, we use the
Ethereum Blockchain platform, PoA consensus
protocol.
9
10
Result with case 1: The system is 100% accurate.
Evaluation criteria:
Time of authentication.
Accuracy.
Convenience.
B.
Experiments and results
Experimental data
Table 1: Experimental dataset.
Number of
File Record
No.
File Size
Format file
Figure 8: The transcript test interface with Case 1.
1
300 ~ 400
100 ~ 300 Kb .pdf
Case 2: The transcript's status is correct but not yet
authenticated by the Admin. (The transcript has been
stored by the teacher on the system, but the Admin has
not yet verified the transcript). At that time, the test
outcome is "Grade Record is true but not verified.".
Table 3: Experimental results with Case 2.
Transcript illustrates
Student
ID
No.
Transcript
File hash
Result
fe0796598fc32359e35a52c50c7484cef79854ca97c51bf34f4131c7b1
24 f2fv22c2576d 5f5e9s4d6f6r6a6v656bxd9814vsf24756df42dsc4s4c
c5fe0796598fc34f410c 91hj7b132359e35a527484cef79854ca97c32q
410c7484cef79854c 9ca72c5f2c5fe0796598fc34f e079b132359e35a5
e071359e35a52c5fe052c5f796598fc34f410c7484cef79854c8fc34f41
484cef79854ca9 fe07kl 8fc34f41059e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7
31c7cef79854ca97c51bf b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484
c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca97c51bf31c7b132359e35a52
ef79854ca97c51bf31c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c7484c
34cef79854ca97c51bf 1c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c748
1
2
ms011
ms012
ms013
ms014
ms015
ms016
ms017
ms018
ms019
ms020
File11.pdf
File12.pdf
File13.pdf
File14.pdf
File15.pdf
File16.pdf
File17.pdf
File18.pdf
File19.pdf
File20.pdf
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
3
4
5
6
Figure 7: Transcript illustrating.
7
Result
8
9
Case 1: The transcript's status does not exist on the
system (the transcript has not been stored by the teacher
on the system). At that time, the test result of the
transcript is "Grade Record does not exist.".
10
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BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
Result with case 2: The system is 100% accurate.
Table 5: Experimental results with 300 transcript files.
Accuracy
Case 2
100%
Number of
File Record
No.
Case 1
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Case 3
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
1
2
3
4
5
50~100
100~150
150~200
200~250
250~300
100%
100%
100%
100%
C.
Assessment of the results
The proposed model provides an authentication
Figure 9: Interface for checking transcript with Case 2.
system for user data - student transcripts - based on the
Blockchain Network (using Ethereum platform). The
system after the experiment was evaluated as follows:
Case 3: The status of the transcript is correct and verified.
(The transcript has been stored by the teacher on the
system and the Admin has confirmed the transcript). At
that time, the test result of the transcript was “Grade
Record is true and verified”.
Fast authentication time.
Simple authentication process, easy to follow.
Verify the student's transcript on the system for most
accurate results, the transcript is difficult to be fake.
Table 4: Experimental results with Case 3.
Student
ID
No.
Transcript
File hash
Result
Manage and store students' transcripts safer, more
transparently and invariably.
598fc32359fe0796e35a52c50c7484cef7c7b19854ca97c51bf34f4131
fe9s4d6f6r6a6v656bxd924f2fv22c2576d5814vsf24756df42dsc4s4cd
359e35a527484cef79854ca97c32q5fe0796598fc34f410c 91hj7b132
410c7484cef79854c9ca72c5f2c5fe0796598fc34f e079b132359e35a5
4f410c7484cef79854c8fc34f41e071359e35a52c5fe052c5f796598fc3
96598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca9 fe07kl 8fc34f41059e35a52c5fe07
796598fc34f410c748431c7cef79854ca97c51bf b132359e35a52c5fe0
c31c7b132359e35a525fe0796598fc34f410c7484cef79854ca97c51bf
fe0796598fc34f410c7484c ef79854ca97c51bf31c7b132359e35a52c5
bf 1c7b132359e35a52c5fe0796598fc34f410c74834cef79854ca97c51
1
2
ms021
ms022
ms023
ms024
ms025
ms026
ms027
ms028
ms029
ms030
File21.pdf
File22.pdf
File23.pdf
File24.pdf
File25.pdf
File26.pdf
File27.pdf
File28.pdf
File29.pdf
File30.pdf
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
The system helps reduce the need for manpower
during the validation of transcripts.
3
4
5
6
7
Table 6: Comparation and evaluation of the proposed
8
system and traditional method.
9
10
Authentication
transcripts by the
proposed system
Authentication
transcripts by the
traditional way
Evaluation
criteria
No.
Result with case 3: The system is 100% accurate
Take a lot of time: Copy,
notarized verification or
input data into the school
system to check, then
compare it manually,
check it true or not. This
process may take 02 ~ 03
minutes for a verification.
Less time-consuming: just
1
Time
a
few seconds for
a
verification.
Perform authentication on
computers connected to
the Internet anytime,
anywhere.
The authentication process
is complicated and must go
through many agencies
and organizations.
2
Procedure
Trust level
High, hard to fake thanks
to the immutability and
Depends on many factors.
May be tampered with
during authentication.
3
4
transparency
Blockchain.
of
Figure 10: Interface for checking transcript with Case 3.
Blockchain
system.
network
(safe,
Storage
location
Schools.
Decentralized)
With 300 data sets of transcripts, the system produces the
following results:
5
6
Convenience
Popularity
More
Less
Not popular
Popular
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TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ TRUYỀN THÔNG
92
Cong Hung Tran, Dien Tam Le, Hieu Le Ngoc, Thi Xuan Dinh Ho
Authentication
transcripts by the
proposed system
Authentication
transcripts by the
REFERENCES
traditional way
Evaluation
criteria
No.
[1] Nitin Kumavat, Swapnil Mengade, Dishant Desai,
More than
Human
Resources
7
Less
Jesal Varolia, (2019), “Certificate Verification System
With authentication transcripts by the traditional method,
an organization or company wants to verify a student's
transcript, they must rely on a certified copy of the school
(where the student is attending) or a copy certified by the
competent authority (notary office or local government).
This makes it difficult as students spend a lot of time and
effort in copying and verifying the transcript; Transcripts
must be kept for long term at the school; The verification
has to go through many stages and use a lot of manpower.
Even so, transcripts can still be faked easily.
using Blockchain”, International Journal for Research in
Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
Volume
7
Issue IV, Apr 2019- Available at
[2] “WIKIPEDIA” (Updated 06/12/2019) [Online]
[3] Deepak Puthal, Nisha Saroha Malik, Saraju
P.Mohanty, Elisa Kougianos, (2018), “Everything You
Wanted to Know About the Blockchain: Its Promise,
Components,
Processes,
and
Problems”.
[4] Tran Cong An, Pham Thi Xuan Diem, Tran Van Toi,
Le Thi Thu Lan, Lam Duong Quoc, (2019), “Building a
Product Origins Tracking System based on Blockchain
and PoA Consensus Protocol”, 2019 International
Conference on Advanced Computing and Applications
(ACOMP).
Currently, an organization or company wants to verify a
student's transcript, they can also visit the website / portal
of the school that provided the student transcript. This is
also a common way that many people are doing. This will
take at least 02 minutes or more to perform. The
comparison of the proposed model with the traditional
way of verifying the transcript is often different. It shows
the effectiveness of the proposed model..
[5] Shuai Wang, Yong Yuan, Xiao Wang, Juanjuan Li,
Rui Qin, Fei-Yue Wang, (2018),“An Overview of Smart
Contract: Architecture, Applications, and Future Trends”,
2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)
Changshu, Suzhou, China, June 26-30, 2018.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
AND
In this paper, we have built and tested a student
transcript system based on the Blockchain network using
the PoA consensus algorithm. The proposed a system
which can adapt quickly, accurately and reliably in
verifying a student's transcript, avoiding forging a
student's fake score sheet. With the result outcomes can
prove the efficiency and power of Blockchain, it can
apply in many aspects of our life, it is also very potential
to develop and improve this approach further and deeper.
The development direction of the proposed model
[6] Muhamed Turkanovic, Marko Holbl, Kristjan Kosic,
Marjan Hericko, Aida Kamisalic, (2018), “EduCTX: A
blockchain-based higher education credit platform”,
Citation
information:
DOI
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2789929, IEEE Access.
[7] Yuqin Xu, Shangli Zhao, Lanju Kong, Yongqing
Zheng, Shidong Zhang, Qingzhong Li, (2017), “ECBC:
A High Performance Educational Certificate Blockchain
with Efficient Query”. Springer International Publishing
AG 2017, pp. 288–304.
is to build a Private Blockchain network with more nodes
to ensure data is backed up on multiple nodes. In addition
to authenticating transcripts, the proposed system can be
deployed to validate other user data such as medical
records, certificates of marriage registration, etc.
[8] Dipti Pawade, Avani Sakhapara, Melvita Andrade,
Aishwarya
Bdgujar,
Divya
Adep.
(2019),
“Implementation of Fingerprint-Based Authentication
System Using Blockchain”, Springer Nature Singapore
Pte Ltd.
SỐ 01 (CS.01) 2020
TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ TRUYỀN THÔNG
93
BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN AUTHENTICATING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSCRIPT
[9] K. Palanivel, (2019), “Blockchain Architecture to
Higher Education Systems”, International Journal of
Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &
Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) Volume VIII, Issue II,
February 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540.
AUTHORS
Tran Cong Hung was born in
Vietnam in 1961. He received the
B.E
in
electronic
and
Telecommunication engineering
with first class honors from
[10] Qianqian Su, Rui Zhang, Rui Xue, You Sun , (2019),
“An Efficient Traceable and Anonymous Authentication
Scheme for Permissioned Blockchain”, Springer Nature
Switzerland AG.
HOCHIMINH
University
of
technology in Vietnam, 1987. He
eceived the B.E in informatics and computer engineering
from HOCHIMINH University of technology in
Vietnam, 1995. He received the Master of Engineering
degree in telecommunications engineering course from
postgraduate department Hanoi University of technology
in Vietnam, 1998. He received PhD. at Hanoi.
Le Dien Tam was born in Vietnam
HỆ THỐNG XÁC THỰC BẢNG ĐIỂM HỌC SINH
TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG DỰA TRÊN HỆ
THỐNG MẠNG BLOCKCHAIN
Tóm tắt: Học sinh sau khi hoàn thành chương trình học
của bậc Trung học phổ thông (THPT) sẽ được Nhà trường
– nơi học sinh đó hoàn thành chương trình năm học cuối
của bậc THPT – cấp học bạ, trong đó có các bảng điểm
dưới dạng văn bản cứng – bảng điểm giấy. Chính vì vậy,
việc làm giả bảng điểm nhầm mục đích phi pháp được
thực hiện dễ dàng, nhanh chóng và chi phí thấp. Trong
bài báo này, chúng tôi đề xuất một mô hình hệ thống xác
thực bảng điểm học sinh dựa trên hệ thống mạng
Blockchain. Hệ thống sử dụng hợp đồng thông minh
(smart contract), xây dựng hệ thống mạng Private
Blockchain trên nền tảng Ethereum, xây dựng các ứng
dụng phi tập trung - Decentralized Application (dApp),
hệ thống tập tin phân tán IPFS (Interplanetary File
System)…. Giá trị băm của tập tin bảng điểm (file hash)
sẽ được lưu trữ trên hệ thống mạng Blockchain và được
sử dụng trong quá trình xác thực bảng điểm học sinh
nhanh chóng, chính xác, tránh được việc là giả bảng điểm.
Từ khoá: Blockchain, IPFS, dApp, Ethereum, Smart
contract, bảng điểm.
in 1987. He received Master
Computer science in Universite
Pierre et Marie CURIE, France,
2014. He is currently a PhD.
Candidate in Computer science and
engineering from Kyung Hee
University, Korea in 2020.
Le Ngoc Hieu has been working in
IT industry as a IT System Architect
since 2010. In 2018, He completed
Master Degree at Post
&
Telecommunication Institute of
Technology. As now, he is working
as an IT lecturer for HCMC Open University. His major
study is about cloud computing and cloud efficiency for
better service; his minor study is about education,
especially education in IT line.
Ho Thi Xuan Dinh was born in
1988. She received a bachelor's
degree in 2011, majoring in
computer science at Ho Chi Minh
City University of Education,
Vietnam. Currently, she is
a
Master's candidate in Computer Science from Saigon
University, Vietnam. She is a Computer teacher at Hung
Vuong High School, Binh Thuan
SỐ 01 (CS.01) 2020
TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ TRUYỀN THÔNG
94
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