Bài giảng Phát triển phần mềm nguồn mở - Bài 7: Route, views, blade templates - Nguyễn Hữu Thể
PHÁT TRIỂN PHẦN MỀM NGUỒN MỞ
ROUTE, VIEWS, BLADE TEMPLATES
Nguyễn Hữu Thể
Routing
− Basic Routing
− Route Parameters
• Required Parameters
• Optional Parameters
• Regular Expression Constraints
− Named Routes
− Route Groups
• Middleware
• Namespaces
• Sub-Domain Routing
• Route Prefixes
− Route Model Binding
• Implicit Binding
• Explicit Binding
− Form Method Spoofing
− Accessing The Current Route
2
Basic Routing
− Laravel routes: providing a very simple and
expressive method of defining routes:
Route::get ('/', function () {
return view('welcome');
} );
− For most applications, you will begin by defining
routes in your routes/web.php file.
4
Basic Routing
Route::get ( 'foo', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
5
Available Router Methods
− The router allows you to register routes that respond
to any HTTP verb:
Route::get($uri, $callback);
Route::post($uri, $callback);
Route::put($uri, $callback);
Route::patch($uri, $callback);
Route::delete($uri, $callback);
Route::options($uri, $callback);
6
Route Parameters
Route::get ( 'foo', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
Route::get ( '/', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
Route::post ( 'foo/bar', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
Route::put ( 'foo/bar', function () {
//
} );
Route::delete ( 'foo/bar', function () {
//
} );
7
Responds to multiple HTTP
− Using the match method.
Route::match ( [ 'get','post' ], '/', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
− Or, register a route that responds to all HTTP verbs
using the any method.
Route::any ( 'foo', function () {
return 'Hello World';
} );
8
Route Parameters
− You may need to capture a user's ID from the URL.
You may do so by defining route parameters:
Route::get ( 'hello/{name}', function ($name) {
return 'Hello ' . $name;
} );
9
Route Parameters
− You may define as many route parameters as required
by your route:
Route::get ( 'posts/{post}/comments/{comment}',
function ($postId, $commentId) {
//
} );
− Note:
• Route parameters are always encased within {} braces and
should consist of alphabetic characters.
• Route parameters may not contain a - character. Use an
underscore (_) instead.
10
Optional Parameters
− Placing a ? mark after the parameter name. Make
sure: a default value
Route::get ( 'user/{name?}', function ($name = null) {
if ($name == null)
//Response to …
else
//Response to …
} );
Route::get ( 'user/{name?}', function ($name = 'John') {
return $name;
} );
1
Regular Expression Constraints
− Constrain the format of your route parameters using
the where method on a route instance.
Route::get ( 'user/{name}', function ($name) {
return$name;
} )->where ( 'name', '[A-Za-z]+' );
Route::get ( 'user/{id}', function ($id) {
return$id;
} )->where ( 'id', '[0-9]+' );
Route::get ( 'user/{id}/{name}', function ($id, $name) {
return$id . ' ' . $name;
} )->where ( [ 'id' => '[0-9]+','name' => '[a-z]+' ] );
12
Regular Expression Constraints
13
Global Constraints
− A route parameter to always be constrained by a given regular
expression, use the pattern method.
− Define these patterns in the boot method of your
RouteServiceProvider: app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php
public function boot(){
Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+');
parent::boot();
}
− Once the pattern has been defined, it is automatically applied to all routes
using that parameter name:
Route::get('user/{id}', function ($id) {
// Only executed if {id} is numeric...
});
14
Named Routes
− The convenient generation of URLs or redirects for
specific routes.
− name method:
Route::get ( 'user/profile', function () {
//
} )->name ( 'profile' );
− You may also specify route names for controller actions:
Route::get('user/profile',
'UserController@showProfile')->name('profile');
15
Generating URLs To Named Routes
− Use the route's name when generating URLs or redirects via
the global route function:
// Generating URLs...
$url = route('profile');
// Generating Redirects...
return redirect()->route('profile');
− If the named route defines parameters, you may pass the
parameters as the second argument to the route function.
Route::get('user/{id}/profile', function ($id) {
//
})->name('profile');
$url = route('profile', ['id' => 1]);
16
Route Groups
− Share route attributes:
• middleware
• Namespaces
• Sub-Domain Routing
• Route Prefixes
− Shared attributes are specified in an array format as
the first parameter to the Route::group() method.
17
Middleware
− To assign middleware to all routes within a group,
you may use the middleware key in the group
attribute array.
Route::group ( [ 'middleware' => 'auth' ], function () {
Route::get ( '/', function () {
// Uses Auth Middleware
} );
Route::get ( 'user/profile', function () {
// Uses Auth Middleware
} );
} );
18
Namespaces
− Use-case for route groups is assigning the same PHP
namespace to a group of controllers using the namespace
parameter in the group array:
Route::group ( [ 'namespace' => 'Admin' ], function () {
// Controllers Within The
//"App\Http\Controllers\Admin" Namespace
} );
− Default: the RouteServiceProvider includes your route
files within a namespace group, allowing you to register
controller routes without specifying the full
App\Http\Controllers namespace prefix.
19
Sub-Domain Routing
− Route groups may also be used to handle sub-domain
routing.
− The sub-domain may be specified using the domain
key on the group attribute array:
Route::group(['domain' => '{account}.myapp.com'], function () {
Route::get('user/{id}', function ($account, $id) {
//
});
});
20
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